Примечание:

actus reus - противоправное действие, правонарушение (т.е. та фаза действия, за совершение которой законом предусмотрено наказание; физическая, объективная сторона преступления)

mens rea - виновная воля, вина

dolus directus –прямой умысел

dolus eventualis - косвенный [эвентуальный] умысел

Southampton - Саутгемптон (город и порт на юге Великобритании)

Sydney - Сидней (самый крупный город в Австралии)

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1. Выпишите в свой словарик с транскрипцией и переведите выделенные жирным шрифтом слова (в начальной форме: сущ. и прил. – в им.п., ед.ч; глаг. - инфинитив). Назовите, к какой части речи относится каждое слово.

2. Выпишите неправильные глаголы, встречающиеся в тексте. Назовите все формы.

3. Укажите время и залог подчёркнутых сказуемых.

4. Переведите текст, пользуясь словарем.

Statute

A statute is a formal written enactment of a legislative authority that governs a state, city, or county. Typically, statutes command or prohibit something, or declare policy. The word is often used to distinguish law made by legislative bodies from case law and the regulations issued by Government agencies. Statutes are sometimes referred to as legislation or "black letter law". As a source of law, statutes are considered primary authority (as opposed to secondary authority).

Before a statute becomes law in some countries, it must be agreed upon by the highest executive in the government, and finally published as part of a code. In many countries, statutes are organized in topical arrangements (or "codified") within publications called codes, such as the United States Code. In the United States, statutory law is distinguished from and subordinate to constitutional law.

It is important to realise that a statute in and of itself is not a law de jure but merely de facto. It is a legislated rule of a society which has been given the force of law, by consent of the governed. There is speculation as to whether consent of the governed is given by the democratic process, or whether it is required in each individual case—such as by contracting with courts or police officers, whether directly or indirectly.

The term statute is sometimes also used to refer to an International treaty that establishes an institution, such as the Statute of the European Central Bank, a protocol to the Treaty of Maastricht. This includes international courts as well, such as the Statute of the International Court of Justice and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Statute is also another word for law. The term was adapted from England in about the 18th century.

In the Autonomous Communities of Spain the Autonomy Statute is a legal document similar in all but name to a state constitution in a federal state. The name was chosen because federalism was a taboo subject when the constitution of 1978 was approved.

Примечание:

de jure - де-юре; юридически

de facto - де-факто; на деле; фактически, в действительности

European Central Bank (ECB) - Европейский центральный банк, ЕЦБ (общеевропейский центральный банк, созданный в 1998 г. странами-членами ЕС; отвечает за реализацию валютной политики в странах ЕС, принявших евро в качестве национальной валюты; контролирует эмиссию евро).

Treaty of Maastricht - Маастрихтский договор (договор об образовании Европейского Cоюза, подписанный 7 февраля 1992 г.; вступил в силу в 1993 г.; представляет собой развитие и углубление положений Римского договора 1957 г.)