12. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What keys are used to delete characters?

2. What options are included to help the user in formatting a document?

3. What ways do word processing programs provide to set text alignment?

4. Why is it necessary to save the work often?

5. What is known as “background” printer?

6. What operations can be done with the highlighted block of text?

7. How can different words or characters be replaced throughout the document?

8. What does page preview option allow you to do?

13. Прочтите и переведите текст.

TEXT D

DESKTOP PUBLISHING

Word processing programs were originally designed to produce simple documents like letters or memos. Today, even the most capable of our modern full-featured word processing programs are line oriented: that is, they make it easy to create and print documents that are composed of lines of print. But as personal computers and printers become more capable, users want to put more than simple lines of text into their documents. With today’s computer systems, you can work with graphics as well as text, and while some of the newer word processing programs can import graphics files, they are not designed to work with lines of text that flow around or interact with graphics. That specialty area is the domain of desktop publishing programs.

The Evolution of DTP. Desktop publishing (DTP) programs evolved to meet the needs of page designers. Sometimes known as page composition programs, desktop publishing programs provide many word processing functions, but, in addition, they add special capabilities for displaying and managing graphics, fonts, and other page-design features like lines and boxes Desktop publishing programs are designed to help you work on pages details presentation of what your printed pages will look like as possible. This is known as WYSIWYG (what-you-see-is-what-you-get). The term is pronounced “wiz-wig.”

The Role of the Laser Printer. A key to the rapid growth in popularity of desktop publishing programs was the invention of the laser printer. Laser printers noiselessly produce high-quality text and graphics on plain paper. With the use of a full-featured desktop publishing program and a laser printer, a personal computer user can often produce the kinds of professional-looking documents that formerly required the services of a professional typesetting company. If higher-quality typesetting is required, the output from many desktop publishing programs can be sent directly to typesetting equipment or to very high-resolution laser printers. People, who use desktop publishing to create professional-quality documents, often use their in-house laser printer to create proof copies of their document and then use service bureaus with specialized equipment to print the final version.

Importing Graphics. All desktop publishing programs provide a way to import graphics. Although their methods vary most desktop publishing programs make it easy to insert these imported pictures into the document you are creating. The types of graphics files that can be imported are dictated by the capabilities of the desktop publishing program you are using. Once imported, pictures can be resized or moved to a new position in the document. Some desktop publishing programs even give you a way to edit the picture after it is brought into the desktop publishing environment, but generally you create and modify the graphic in a separate graphics program.

Most desktop publishing programs also provide a limited set of graphics creation and editing tools that let you create and edit your own simple graphics as you develop the document. These tools are very useful for drawing lines and boxes and other simple objects that can enhance your document by emphasizing important items on the page.

Standard Desktop Publishing Features. Desktop publishing offers more than graphics and text management. Desktop publishing programs provide a number of special features that make it easier to de­sign complex pages that include text in a variety of fonts and sizes along with graph­ics and other page design elements. Many desktop publishing programs provide a way to organize your document’s pages into blocks or frames. Following page layout principles that evolved long before the invention of personal computers, these programs help you design your pages by providing separate areas for blocks of text and graphics. Once created, text and graphics can then be placed into those blocks.

Page-Design Features. While word processing programs are designed to make it easier to create text lines and paragraphs, desktop publishing programs are designed to produce complete pages. These programs usually provide a number of different views of the page you are working on. You can display a full-page view to see how your overall page is looking, or you can work on page details by “zooming” in until a small portion of your page fills the entire screen.

Editing Mode. Some desktop publishing programs provide a special editing mode that allows the user to work with the text in a form that is much more like word processing. When the user selects this special editing option, all of the text is displayed in an easy-to-read font in a scrolling field. The user can then move easily from one part of the document to the next without having to spend the time required to display each page individually. Spell checking and search and replace options can also be performed more efficiently in this edit mode than they can in page mode.

Creating Standard Page Elements. Another special feature that users create professional documents is the capability to create text and design elements that will appear consistently on every page of the document. Generally this option is used to create repeating page-design elements such as headers and footers. If the user wants to specify different design elements for right and left pages (as you might for a book), that is easy to do.

OCR Scanning. Scanners can be used to convert printed text to disc files that can be read by a word processing program or imported into a desktop publishing document. This type of scanning is known as optical character recognition (OCR). Originally, OCR technology did not do a very good job of recognizing characters, and the process of cleaning up the mistakes was along and tedious process. Now the technology is improving, and the process of scanning printed documents can save a great deal of time over entering text by hand.

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