Министерство образования и науки Украины

Севастопольский национальный технический университет

УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ

для обучения практике технического перевода

для специальности Э

Севастополь

1999

УДК 629.123 + 656.61.052

Методические указания по обучению практике технического перевода для специальности Э / Сост. М.Н. Добровольская. – Севастополь: Изд. СевНТУ, 2004. - с.

Настоящие мет. указ. предназначены для студентов специальности Э.

Цель пособия – привить навыки чтения и понимания литературы по специальности и ведения несложной беседы на темы, предусмотренные программой. Пособие содержит 5 уроков, которые по содержанию охватывают следующие темы: постоянный ток, переменный ток, электросиловые системы, моторы, измерительные приборы. Каждый раздел имеет текст, несущий профессиональную информацию, словарь, упражнения для самостоятельной работы и под руководством преподавателя.

Методические указания утверждены на заседании кафедры практики романских и германских языков

(протокол № от )

Рецензент: Абросимова Л.М., кандидат пед. наук, доцент кафедры "Теория и практика перевода" СевНТУ

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

1. УРОК I. DIRECT – CURRENT CIRCUITS……………

2. УРОК II. ALTERNATING - CURRENT CIRCUITS……

3. УРОК III. ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS……………

4. УРОК IV. MOTORS……………………………………….

5. УРОК V. METERS………………………………………..

УРОК I

DIRECT – CURRENT CIRCUITS

advantage, n. - преимущество

disadvantage, n. - недостаток

appliance, n. - устройство, прибор

area, n. - площадь

cross-sectional area - площадь поперечного

сечения

circular mil area - площадь, равная

круговому милу

attach, v. - прикреплять к

automatic line controls - автоматическое

управление линии

circle, n. - круг

circuit, n. - цепь, контур, схема

alternating circuit (a-c circuit) - цепь переменного тока

circuit breakers - выключатели в цепи

combination circuit - комбинированная цепь

direct-current circuit (d-c circuit) - цепь постоянного тока

parallel circuit - цепь с параллельным

соединением

series circuit - цепь с последовательным

соединением

to complete the circuit - замкнуть цепь

to open the circuit - разомкнуть цепь

coefficient, n. - коэффициент

components, n. -компоненты, составляющие

conductor, n. - проводник

poor conductor - плохой проводник

control, n. - управление

cross-section, n. - поперечное сечение

current, n. - ток

alternating current - переменный ток

branch current - ток на одном участке цепи direct current - постоянный ток

total line current - суммарный линейный ток

decrease, n. - уменьшение

decrease, v. - уменьшать (ся)

dielectric, adj. - диэлектрический

electrical, adj. - электрический

electricity, n. - электричество

electron, n. - электрон

emit, v. - эмитировать, испускать

essential, adj. - существенный

feed, v. - питать

figure, n. - рисунок, цифра, чертеж

flow, n. - поток

frequency, n. - частота

fuse, n. - предохранитель

cartridge-type fuse (fusetron) - патронный предохранитель

gauge, n. - калиброметр

increase, n. - увеличение, возрастание

increase, v. - увеличиваться, возрастать

insulation, n. - изоляция

insulator, n. - изолятор

length, n. - длина

materials, n. - материалы

mean (by), v. - иметь в виду, подразумевать

minimize, v. - сводить к минимуму

movement, n. - движение

number, n. - количество, число

power, n. - энергия, мощность

source of power - источник энергии

physical, adj. - физический

point, n. - точка

starting point - отправная точка

resistance, n. - сопротивление

specific resistance - удельное сопротивление

resist, v., oppose, v. - сопротивляться,

противостоять

resistor, n. - сопротивление (прибор)

fixed resistor - постоянный резистор

metallic resistor - металлический резистор

wire-wound resistor - проволочный резистор

variable resistor - регулируемый резистор

rheostat, varistor - реостат

size, n. - размер

sliding contact arm - рычаг со скользящим

контактом

strength, n. - прочность, сила

structure, n. - строение, структура

substance, n. - вещество

supply, n. - снабжение, питание

power supply - энергоснабжение

supply, v. - снабжать, поставлять питать

temperature, n. - температура

terminals, n. - зажимы, клеммы

transmit, v. - передавать

value, n. - величина

vary, v. - изменять, видоизменять

various, adj. - разнообразный

voltage, n. - напряжение

applied voltage - приложенное напряжение

nominal rated voltage - номинальное напряжение

voltage drop - падение напряжения

wire, n. - проволока

wiring, n. - проводка

Part I

1. Read and translate the following words:

circuit, resistance, conductor, current, direct, electric, cross-section,

area electron, length, flow, to decrease, decrease, to increase, increase.

2. Form as many words combinations as you can:

a)

essential parts of

series a direct current an electric an alternating current resistance of the simple a part of a parallel a combination to complete

(the) circuit

b)

a branch total line a single specific

resistance voltage cyrrent

of a conductor

c)

cross-sectional circular mil to find the a small to express

(the) area

of a square of a circle

3. Change the following word combinations using the pattern:

the point of starting => the starting point

1. an area of cross section

2. a rise of temperature

3. a change of temperature

4. the coefficient of temperature

5. the size of a wire

6. the sizes of a guage

7. the numbers of a guage

8. the breakers of a circuit

Part II

1. Choose another word or phrase with the same meaning:

to oppose, a nominal voltage, a wire-wound resistor, a variable resistor, isolation, varistor, a cartridge-type fuse, ballast resistor, a fusetron, a rheostat, a rated voltage, automatic line control, a metallic resistor, to resist.

2. Put in the missing preposition or adverb if necessary:

A variable resistor, commonly called a rheostat, is one whose value ... resistance ... its terminals may be varied. The rheostat has a sliding contract arm that may be moved ... any position ... the resistor and has one ... its terminals attached ... the contract arm and the other... one and... the resistance, (of, at, to, along, of, to, to, of)

3. Make questions using the pattern:

The resistance will vary with change in applied voltage. 1. What will vary with changes in applied voltage? 2. How will the resistance vary?

1. The resistivity of thermistors will vary nonlinearly with temperature changes.

2. The resistance of any conductor will vary with its length.

3. The physical structure of a material will vary with changes in weather, heat, cold and moisture.

4. The decrease in dielectric strength will vary inversely with the frequency.

4. Answer the questions (see suggestions in brackets).

1. What is meant by fixed resistor? (величина постоянного сопротивления не изменяется механическими средствами)

2. What is a fuse? (предохранительный элемент для замыкания цепи)

3. What is the difference between a conductor and an insulator1? (проводимость и непроводимость)

4. What are the four kinds of circuits? (простой контур, цепь с последовательным соединением, цепь с параллельным соединением, комбинированная цепь)

5. Translate the following word combinations into English:

площадь поперечного сечения, удельное сопротивление, переменный ток, постоянное сопротивление, замкнуть цепь, автоматический включатель, падение напряжения, величина силы тока, источник энергии, температурный коэффициент.

6. Read and translate the text with a dictionary.

An electric circuit is the path taken by an electric current from its source, through the conductors and back to its starting point. The essential parts of any electric circuit are the source of power, the conductors used to transmit the electric current, and the appliance or appliances to be supplied with electrical energy. There are four ways in which electrical appliances may be connected: (1) simple circuit, (2) series circuit, (3) parallel circuit, (4) combination circuit

A simple circuit is one in which a single resistance is connected across a power source.

A series circuit is one in which two or more resistances are connected in one continuous path so that the current passes in turn from one to another. Series circuits are used in radio, television, and other electronic equipment. When two or more resistances are connected so that the current will have two or more paths in which it may flow, it is a parallel circuit. Parallel circuits are used wherever a constant voltage power supply system is needed. House wiring is a good example of the use of this type of circuit.

When a circuit contains both series and parallel circuits, it is a combination circuit. Combination circuits may be connected in series-parallel or parallel-series. When groups of parallel circuits are connected in series, it is called a series-parallel. When groups of series are connected in parallel, it is called a parallel-series circuit. Combination circuits have the advantages of both series and parallel circuits and minimize their disadvantages. Combination circuits are used whenever various types of circuits must be fed from the same power supply.

7. Answer the following questions:

1. What are the essential parts of an electric circuit?

2. What are the four ways of connecting electrical circuit components?

3. What is meant by a series circuit?

4. What is a parallel circuit?

5. Where are parallel circuits used?

6. What applications of a combination circuit do you know?

7. What is called a parallel-series circuit (a series-parallel circuit)?

8. Ask your fellow-student:

1. what a simple circuit is,

2. how many ways of connection there are in an electric circuit,

3. if the series circuits are used in radio and television,

4. what example of the use of the parallel circuit he knows,

5. if a circuit may contain both series and parallel circuits.

9. Describe the following figure:

1) Give a definition of a combination circuit.

2) Name and explain the uses of the series (parallel, combination) circuit

10. Learn these dialogues by heart

1) A talk between two students

A: Hallo!

B: Hallo! What are you doing here?

A: I am looking through my notes of the last lecture on electrical engineering.

B: Was it devoted to electric circuits?

A: Sure. Unfortunately, I skipped the Professor's explanation of the combination circuits. Could you tell me what they are like?

B: Willingly. It is a very simple. The circuit, I mean the combination circuit, contains both series and parallel circuits.

A: Thank you very much.

2) In an electro-technical lab

Prof.: I would like you to speak on the types of electric circuits. How many are they?

St A: Three.

Prof.: Wrong.

St. B: They are four.

Prof.: That's true. Can you name them, at least?

St. B: Simple, series, parallel and series parallel circuits.

Prof.: You are not exact. The fourth kind is called the combination circuit. And what is the series-parallel circuit then?

St. A: It's one of the two types of the combination circuit. The other type is called the parallel-series circuit.

TEXT EXERCISES

Write the number of the right choice or choose the right letter.

A.

1. A parallel circuit is used in

   1. television

   2. radio

   3. house wiring

2. A combination circuit contains

   1. two series circuits

   2. two parallel circuits

   3. both parallel and series circuits

B.

1. to vary ... time, length, material (1. By, 2. With, 3. In)

2. to supply ... ( (1. By, 2. With, 3. In) 3.... turn (1. By, 2. On, 3. In)

3. to connect... series, parallel (1. With, 2. By, 3. In)

4. the advantage ... (1. In, 2. By, 3. With, 4. Of)

5. to feed ... power supply (1. From, 2. With, 3. By)

Part III

A.

Read the following text without a dictionary:

The controlled movement of the free electrons in a conductor forms an electric current. Certain materials emit free electrons more easily than do others and offer very little resistance to the flow of electrons. These materials are good conductors of electric current. Other materials are poor conductors am greatly oppose their flow. These materials are poor conductors of electric currents and are called insulators. The resistance of any conductor will vary with its length, cross-sectional area, the material of which it is made, and its temperature. Every substance is a conductor of electricity, but some substances are far better than others.

B.

Text Exercise

Write the letter of the right choice:

1. Insulators offer

   1. little resistance of the flow of electric currents

   2. no resistance to the flow of electric currents

   3. great resistance to the flow of electric currents

2. The resistance of any conductor will vary with

   1. time

   2. pressure

   3. temperature

УРОК II

ALTERNATING - CURRENT CIRCUITS

addition, n. - сложение; добавление

angle, n. - угол

a lagging angle - угол отстаивания (по фазе)

a leading angle - угол опережения (по фазе)

a phase angle - угол сдвига (по фазе)

assume, v. - принимать, допускать

capacitor, n. - конденсатор

characteristic, n - характеристика

take (obtain) characteristics - снимать характеристики

coil, n. - катушка

condition, n. - условие

contain, v. - содержать

cycle, n. - цикл, период

a half-cycle - полупериод

degree, n. - степень; градус

an electric degree - электрический градус

diagram, n. - диаграмма, схема

divide by, v. - делить на

effect, n. - эффект, влияние

electronic, adj. - электронный

equal, adj - равный

equation, n. - уравнение

equipment, n. - оборудование

except - за исключением

expression, n, - выражение

field, n - поле

an electrostatic field - электростатическое поле

a magnetic field - магнитное поле

impedance, n. - полное сопротивление

inductance, n. - индуктивность

internal, adj. - внутренний

lag, lag behind, v. (the phase) - отставать по фазе

lead, v. (the phase) - опережать по фазе

line, n. - линия

line, adj. - линейный

meter, n. - измерительный прибор

network, n. - сеть

ohm, n. - ом

opposition, n. - сопротивление

to offer an opposition to - оказывать сопротивление

perfect, adj. - совершенный, идеальный

phase, n. - фаза

to be in phase - совпадать по фазе

to be out of phase - не совпадать по фазе

polarity, n. - полярность

quantity, n. - величина

reactance, n. - реактивное сопротивление

capacitive reactance - емкостное сопротивление

inductive reactance - индуктивное сопротивление

pure reactance - чистое реактивное сопротивление

readings, n. - показания

rectangular, adj. - прямоугольный

resonance, n. - резонанс

rotation, n - вращение

set up, v. - собрать схему

store up, v. - накапливать (энергию)

total, adj. - полный, суммарный

triangle, n. - треугольник

twofold, adj. - двойной, двусторонний

vector, n. - вектор

zero, n. - нуль

Part I

1. Read and translate the following words:

voltage, zero, polarity, cycle, reactance, power, source, inductor, electrostatic, impedance, equal, contain, equal, contain, equation, total, alternating

2. Form as many word combinations as you can:

a)

the load the internal the source network of

(the), (an) impedance impedances

of the power source of the (a) circuit of a series circuit of the coil of zero ohms triangle

b)

the equivalent	polar the rectangular	vector	quantities diagram
the equivalent	the resultant the principle of the original	vector	equivalent equation addition

с)

the line

a leading a lagging she resultant (the) phase

angle

for each branch of (for) the circuit of the line for the complete circuit

3. Change the following word combinations using the pattern:

the phase angle of the line => the line phase angle

1. the characteristics of a circuit

2. the diagram of a circuit

3. the rotation of a vector

4. the vector of resistance ( reactance )

5. readings of a meter

6. the angle of a phase

7. the diagram of a vector

8. the quantities of a vector

Part II

1. Choose a phrase of opposite meaning:

to be in phase, d-c circuit, to lag behind the phase, reactance, voltage drop, a lagging current, to lead the phase, resistance, voltage rise, to be out of phase, a-c circuit, a leading current

2. Put in the missing prepositions or adverbs if necessary:

...d-c circuit, the only opposition ...the flow... current is resistance. ...

a-c circuits, two additional factors must be considered, namely, inductive reactance and capacitive reactance. When an a-c circuit contains resistance only, the current and the voltage will be ... phase. If an a-c circuit contains inductive reactance, capacitive reactance or both the current and voltage will be ... phase except the case ... resonance.

(in, to, of, in, out of, in, of )

3. Make questions using toe pattern:

This a-c circuit contains resistance only =>

What does this a-c circuit contain ?

1. An a-c circuit contains inductive reactance, capacitive reactance or both.

2. An a-c circuit contains any combination of resistances.

3. A series a-c circuit contains one or more resistances connected in series.

4. A circuit contains a resistance and a reactance connected in parallel.

4. Answer the questions (see suggestions in brackets):

1. What is meant by a d-c circuit? (ток не изменяет своего направления)

2. What is meant by a-c circuits? (ток, направление, напряжение и сила которого постоянно изменяются)

3. What is meant by the expression that the current lags the voltage? (сила тока отстает по фазе от напряжения)

4. What is meant by the expression that the current leads the voltage? (сила тока опережает по фазе напряжение)

5. Translate the following words and word combinations Into English:

снимать характеристики, отставать (совпадать) по фазе, опережать по фазе, коэффициент мощности, индуктивное сопротивление, емкостное сопротивление, активное сопротивление, реактивное сопротивление, векторные величины, полярный вектор, постоянные вектор, переменный вектор, суммарное сопротивление, полное сопротивление.

6. Read and translate the text with a dictionary: