7. Useful words and phrases.

circulatory diseases – болезни кровообращения

digestive problems – проблемы с пищеварением

fats – жиры

fibre content – содержание клетчатки

herbs – травы

over-exertion – превышение нагрузки

saturated fat – насыщенные жиры

stamina – жизненная сила

tooth decay – зубной кариес

well-being – хорошее самочувствие

whole meal bread – хлеб с цельным зерном

☺ A guide to healthy living

Diet

The average diet carries considerable health risks. In the last century we have increased the amount of saturated fats, sugars and reduced the fibre content of our diet. These changes caused a massive rise in heart and circulatory diseases, tooth decay and a wide range of digestive problems. Here are the following guidelines for a healthier diet:

• reducing fats

Grill or bake food when possible. Eat more low-fat cheeses, such as cottage cheese, Edam or Mozzarella.

• reducing meat fat

Eat more chicken, turkey and liver. Avoid eating sausages. Eat more fish.

• reducing sugars

Avoid daily snacks of cakes and sweets. Cut out sugar in tea and coffee. Avoid soft drinks with added sugar.

• reducing salt

Cut down on salt – use herbs. Avoid salty snacks like crisps.

• eating more fibre

Eat whole meal bread every day. Use brown rice. Eat potatoes in their jackets. Eat more fresh fruit and vegetables.

Exercise

Enjoyable and regular exercise will make you feel and look healthier.

• the benefits

Regular exercise improves the efficiency of your heart and circulation. It reduces weight. It protects against backache. It relieves stress and leaves you with a feeling of well-being.

• choosing the exercise

Whether you choose jogging, swimming or disco dancing, you should take into consideration that the exercise should be enjoyable and make you feel good.

• when to start

Check with your doctor before starting any exercise programme. It is important to start slowly with, say, 10 minutes a day. Being unable to move is a sign of over-exertion and is only likely to delay the next session. Build up to a total of at least two hours a week. You’ll see a gradual increase in stamina and well-being.

8. Listen to the four dialogues and complete the following statements.

1. The patient ….. .

a. lost a crown b. broke the tooth c. lost a filling

2. The doctor wrote a prescription for…. .

a. a cold b. an allergy c. a sore throat

3. The doctor wants the patient to get …. .

a. X-rayed b. operated c. examined

4. The patient wants to see .… .

a. an acupuncturist b. a dentist c. an ophthalmologist

9. Answer the following questions about healthy eating.

1. A calorie is: a. a type of vitamin b. a unit of energy c. a blood cell

2. Protein is: a. a body-building material b. a hormone c. sugar

3. Which type of wine generally has the most calories?

a. red wine b. white wine c. sparkling wine

4. Cholesterol is: a. a part of sugar b. a disease c. a product of fat digestion

5. What effect does eating oily fish have?

a. it reduces blood cholesterol levels b. it prevents colds c. it makes you put on weight

6. Why is “fast food” a bad idea?

a. it contains hardly any nutrients b. It gives little protein in relation to fat

c. it contains too much salt and fat

7. Too much salt can lead to:

a. high blood pressure b. poor eyesight c. over-eating

8. Which is the best way to lose weight and stay healthy?

a. to use slimming and vitamins pills b. to eat only fruit and vegetables

c. to eat a variety of foods in smaller quantities

Quiz.

How many minutes a day should a man walk to lose weight?