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18. Study the use of the Past Perfect.

Past Perfect is used for describing an action which took place before another action in the past. The following signal words are rather characteristic for this tense: after, when, by (the time). The consequent action is used in Past Simple.

I had been there before We had been there before

You had been there before You had been there before

He had been there before They had been there before

I hadn’t been there before We hadn’t been there before

You hadn’t been there before You hadn’t been there before

He hadn’t been there before They hadn’t been there before

Had I been there before ? Had we been there before?

Had you been there before? Had you been there before?

Had he been there before ? Had they been there before?

19. Open the brackets. Use the Past Perfect or the Past Simple Tenses.

1. My father …(live) in the house that …(come) to him from his sister. 2. She …(call) the friend with whom she …(go) shopping the day before. 3. By the time police …(arrive), the man …(leave). 4. Chris …(buy) a loaf of bread and …(take) it home, but Maria…(already/buy) one before.5. Rose … (telephone) Jane at 4.30, but she …(already/leave) the office.

20. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Прежде, чем Рита получила степень по экономике, она провела четыре года в Гарварде.

2. Линда закончила печатать соглашение вчера к шести часам. 3. Когда мы встретили наших друзей, они уже знали новости..4. Когда ты мне позвонил, я еще не закончил расчеты.

5. Когда Кевин прибыл в офис, он обнаружил, что оставил все бумаги дома.

6. Элизабет очень нервничала, так как никогда не летала на самолете раньше.

21. Read and listen to the poem.

Such lovely things

Anonymous

Such lovely things to hear and see

Belong to you, belong to me!

He sun, the trees, the grass, the sky,

The silver moon that ‘s sailing by.

Soft whispering winds, the birds that sing,

Bright autumn leaves, gay flowers of spring,

The rain and dew and snow-flakes white,

The sparkling waves, the stars of night.

22. Pre-reading task

1. Make a presentation about the life and works of George Mikes.

2. Read the text.

3. Discuss your impressions with your friend.

23. Reading

George Mikes.

How to shop

1. Read the text again.

2. What do numbers in the box refer to?

9 3.45 5.15 2.30

How to shop

In America, just as in England, you see the same shops with the same boards and windows in every town and village.

Shopping, however, is an art of its own and you have to learn slowly where to buy various things. If you are hungry, you go to the chemist’s. A chemist’s shop is called a drug-store in the United States; it is a national institution at that. In the larger drug-stores you may be able to get drugs, too, but their main business consists in selling stationery, candy, toys, braces, belts, fountain pens, furniture and imitation jewelry. Every drug-store has a food counter with high stools in front of it and there they serve various juices, coffee, sundaes, ice-cream, sandwiches, omelettes and other egg dishes. A friend of mine in Hollywood met Otto Hapsburg, the claimant to the Austrian-Hungarian throne, who – I understand – apart from his hobby of calling himself a king, is an extremely charming and cultured young man. My friend called on Otto one morning in his hotel. He was received by the aide-de-camp who declared ceremoniously:

“Seine Majestӓt nimmt sein Frṻhstṻk in der Apothere.

(His Majesty is having his breakfast in the pharmacy.)

If you want cigarettes, go to the grocer; if you want to have your shoes cleaned, go to the barber; if you want a radio, go to a man’s shop; if you want a suitcase, go to the chemist’s. On the other hand if you want to send a telegram, avoid the post-office, because telegrams are handled by private companies. Nor has the post-office anything to do with the telephone either, as telephone service is supplied by the American Telephone and Telegraph Co. Nor will you find public conveniences in America in the British sense of the word because a lavatory is a strictly private enterprise in the United States.

Whatever you buy, it may be exchanged later for something in the same shop. This is a great pastime with the Americans. A great many people do not really buy things – they only acquire some raw material for later exchanges. It is not unusual at all to see a lady bringing back a hat with a lot of fruit on it and exchanging it either for real fruit or a real hat; or to see somebody bringing back a refrigerator with the remark that he made a mistake and now he wants to subscribe to the Reader’s Digest instead.

You do not need to time your shopping very carefully because you will find some shops stay open in New York all night. The big department stores keep open till 9 p.m. ones a week. Should you want a meal at any time of the day or night, that is quite easy. If you have a party in your house and you decide at 2.30 a.m. to have some music, you can rush down to the corner, buy a piano and it will be delivered to your home within half an hour. If you fancy playing golf at 3.45 in the morning you can purchase, if you wish, a set of golf clubs and balls. I still cannot quite decide what to do with that Indian feather head-dress I bought one morning at 5.15 in Greenwich Village, but I was deeply impressed by the tempting opportunity and could not resist buying it.

You must be extremely careful concerning the names of certain articles. If you ask for suspenders in a man’s shop, you receive a pair of braces, if you ask for a pair of pants, you receive a pair of trousers and should you ask for a pair of braces, you receive a queer look.

I should like to mention that although a lift is called an elevator in the United States, when hitch-hiking, you do not ask for an elevator, you ask for a lift.

There is some confusion about the world flat. A flat in America is called an apartment; what they call a flat is a puncture in your tyre (or as they spell it, tire). Consequently the notice: FLATS FIXED does not indicate an estate agent where they are going to fix you up with a flat, but a garage where they are equipped to mend a puncture. Only once did I see the popular notice FLATS FIXED, on a shop which sold brassieres. The customary slogan for these establishments is: “United we stand, divided we fall.”

3. Find British-American equivalents in the text and fill in a table.

British

American

4. Fill in the table with the words from the text relevant to the topic “Shopping”

shops

food

articles

furniture

services

verbs

5. Find the words in the text that are spelled as they do it in Britain.

Projects.

1. Print an illustrated British-American Dictionary for your friends.

2. Study how the shopping basket in Russia has been changing over the last five years. Make a presentation. Make forecasts for the next 5 years.

3. Study shopping patterns of your fellow students and prepare a report on who does their shopping, what and how many products they buy a week, how much money they spend a weak on food, clothes and entertainment.

Now you can

  1. describe the product in a shop

  2. express approval and disapproval

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