- •М. А. Хлыбова английский язык для аспирантов
- •614090, Россия, г. Пермь, ул. Петропавловская, 23
- •Contents
- •Введение
- •Требования, предъявляемые к кандидатскому экзамену по дисциплине «Иностранный язык»
- •Содержание кандидатского экзамена
- •Структура кандидатского экзамена
- •Учебные тексты
- •Unit 1. Starting postgraduate studies
- •Vocabulary
- •1) Match the words in English with their Russian equivalents.
- •6) Add the qualities found in the previous task to the list below. Choose 5 most important qualities for postgraduate students and rank them.
- •7) Translate the sentences and identify what part of speech the word «research» is (noun / verb / adjective).
- •8) Translate into Russian and make sentences with the following word combinations.
- •9) Find synonyms and arrange them in pairs.
- •10) Answer the following questions.
- •11) Here are some parts of a dialogue. Match questions with suitable responses. Learn and act out the dialogue.
- •12) Read the text carefully and find some differences and similarities in the postgraduate course in the United Kingdom and that of our country.
- •13) Ask your friend using Present Continuous Active (see Appendix 2.1).
- •14) Use the correct form of the verb in brackets in the Active voice (see Appendix 2.1). Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •15) Use the vocabulary of the unit to express the following sentences in English. Pay attention to the tense form.
- •16) Put questions to the above sentences.
- •17) Complete the sentences according to the information given in the text:
- •18) Complete the sentences using the words and word combinations given in brackets.
- •19) Speak about your research work answering the following questions.
- •20) Insert the right word: subject, object, aim, research questions, significance, motivation for the study, methods.
- •21) Speak about the structure of your research. Use phrases given in Appendix 1.1.
- •22) Answer the questions.
- •Unit 2. Attending an academic conference
- •Vocabulary
- •1) Match the words in English with their Russian equivalents.
- •2) Complete the following sentences with the appropriate words or word combinations.
- •3) Find synonyms and arrange them in pairs.
- •4) Answer the following questions.
- •5) Read the following dialogues in parts. Learn and act out the dialogues.
- •6) Complete the following sentences with suitable modal verbs (see Appendix 2.2).
- •7) Explain the differences between the conferences given above. The points to be covered:
- •8) Write a letter to the organizing committee of the conference you are going to attend. Use phrases given in Appendix 1.2.
- •9) Fill in the application form to register for the conference. Conference application form
- •10) Speak about your participation in the conferences answering the following questions.
- •11) Translate into English using modal verbs.
- •12) Read and translate the text. Analyze the use of modal verbs.
- •13) Complete the sentences according to the information given in the text.
- •14) Use the vocabulary of the unit to express the following sentences in English.
- •Unit 3. Writing abstracts
- •Vocabulary
- •1) Find synonyms and arrange them in pairs.
- •2) Answer the following questions.
- •Informative abstracts
- •Informative abstract:
- •3) Explain the differences between descriptive and informative abstracts. The points to be covered:
- •5) Match the following Russian and English sentences. Pay attention to the verbs of the Passive voice (see Appendix 2.3).
- •6) Complete the following sentences with appropriate verbs in the Passive voice.
- •7) Rewrite the sentences in the Passive voice.
- •8) Translate the verbs and put them in the appropriate tense form of the Passive voice given in brackets.
- •9) Use the vocabulary of the unit to express the following sentences in English.
- •10) Write an informative abstract of your own article using the key patterns and word combinations (see Appendix 1.3). Unit 4. Making and delivering a presentation
- •Vocabulary
- •1) Answer these questions.
- •2) Learn the following introductory words which are useful for delivering a presentation.
- •3) These are some expressions used in the presentation. Put them in a logical order. Pay attention to the introductory words.
- •4) Match the words and phrases with different stages of a presentation.
- •5) Choose the right preposition.
- •6) Complete the following presentation with appropriate words from the box.
- •7) Complete the following sentences with the correct word.
- •8) Rearrange these sentences to make a complete presentation. Pay attention to using the introductory words given above.
- •9) Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the Subjunctive Mood (see Appendix 2.6).
- •10) Translate the following sentences into Russian. Define the type of conditional sentences (see Appendix 2.7).
- •11) Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations and memorize them.
- •12) Translate the following sentences and analyze the use of Participles (see Appendix 2.8.3).
- •13) Choose the correct form of Participles.
- •14) Answer the following questions.
- •15) Here are some rules for using visual aids. For each one select the correct missing word from the options.
- •16) Choose the correct verb from the in the box below and put it into the sentence. Make sure the verb agrees with the subject.
- •17) Imagine you are delivering a presentation at the conference. Use the following patterns (see Appendix 1.4). Unit 5. Reading and reviewing professional literature
- •Vocabulary
- •1) Match the following Russian and English sentences.
- •2) Answer the following questions.
- •3) Answer the following questions using the words and word combinations given in brackets.
- •4) Read the following sentences and translate them into Russian paying attention to the underlined word combinations.
- •5) Complete the sentences using the professional vocabulary.
- •6) Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Infinitive, its functions in the sentence. Find objective and subjective infinitive constructions (see Appendix 2.8.1).
- •7) Answer the following questions about the book and review given above.
- •8) Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the Gerunds (see Appendix 2.8.2).
- •9) Transform the following sentences using the Gerund. The beginning of a new sentence is given to you. Do as in the model.
- •10) Read the following text. Underline and analyze the use of the Gerunds in the text.
- •11) Translate the following sentences into English.
- •12) Speak about your own publications. Use the following questions as a guide for your talk. Use phrases given in vocabulary (see Appendix 1.5).
- •13) Translate the texts above and write reviews using the phrases from Appendix 1.5.
- •14) Write a review of a book you would like to recommend to your fellow-students using the phrases from Appendix 1.5. The points to be covered:
- •Bibliography
- •Appendix 1. Useful language
- •1.1. Structure of research
- •1.2. Letter of (Conference) Attendance
- •1.3. Abstract writing
- •1.4. Presentation structure
- •Inviting questions
- •1.5. Discussing a scientific publication
- •Appendix 2. Grammar Notes
- •2.1. Времена в действительном залоге
- •Времена группы Simple
- •2.2. Модальные глаголы
- •2.3. Страдательный залог (Passive Voice)
- •Сводная таблица спряжения глаголов
- •2.5. Согласование времен (Sequence of Tenses)
- •2.6. Сослагательное наклонение (The Subjunctive Mood)
- •2.7. Условные предложения (Conditional Sentences)
- •If Condition, (then) Statement – Если Условие, (то) Утверждение.
- •1) Условные предложения первого типа (First Conditional sentences)
- •2) Условные предложения второго типа (Second Conditional sentences)
- •3) Условные предложения третьего типа (Third Conditional sentences)
- •4) Смешанный тип 1
- •5) Смешанный тип 2
- •2.8. Неличные формы глагола (Non-Finite Forms of the Verb)
- •2.8.1. Инфинитив (the Infinitive)
- •Формы инфинитива
- •2.8.2. Герундий (the Gerund)
- •Функции герундия в предложении
- •2.8.3. Причастие (the Participle)
- •2.9. Порядок слов в предложении
- •2.10. Эмфатические конструкции
Учебные тексты
В качестве учебных текстов и литературы для чтения используется оригинальная монографическая и периодическая литература по тематике широкого профиля научного учреждения, по узкой специальности аспиранта, а также статьи из журналов, издаваемых за рубежом.
Для развития навыков устной речи привлекаются тексты по специальности, используемые для чтения, специализированные учебные пособия для аспирантов по развитию навыков устной речи.
Общий объем литературы за полный курс по всем видам работ, учитывая временные критерии при различных целях, должен составлять примерно 600000 – 750000 печатных знаков (240 – 300 стр.).
Unit 1. Starting postgraduate studies
Vocabulary
степень – degree
степень бакалавра – Bachelor’s degree / first degree
степень магистра – Master’s degree. «I have a master’s degree in physics».
степень доктора философии – Doctor of Philosophy / Ph.D./ doctoral degree
степень кандидата наук – candidate’s degree / candidate of science(s) degree (кандидат химических наук – candidate of chemistry / candidate of chemical sciences). «I have a candidate’s degree which corresponds to the Ph.D. degree in your country».
степень доктора наук – Doctor of Science degree, сокр. D.Sc. (естественные науки) / Doctor of Letters, сокр. Litt.D. (гуманитарные науки) / Doctor of Laws, сокр. L.L.D. (юриспруденция). «The Russian Doctor of Science degree is the highest research degree in this country. Many scientists having this degree are professors».
диссертация – thesis / dissertation (амер.) (магистерская диссертация – master’s thesis, кандидатская диссертация – doctoral thesis).
защитить диссертацию – to prove a thesis / to defend a thesis
представить диссертацию для обсуждения на заседании Ученого совета – to submit a thesis for hearing at the session of the Academic Council
исследование – research / research work syn. investigation / study
аспирантура / магистратура – postgraduate studies / graduate school (амер.) (master degree program – магистратура, PhD program – аспирантура, doctoral(habilitated doctor) program – докторантура)
обучаться в аспирантуре / магистратуре – to take a postgraduate course
аспирант / магистр – postgraduate student / graduate student (амер.) (магистр – master degree student, аспирант – PhD student, докторант – habilitated doctor degree student)
соискатель ученой степени – doctoral candidate. «Now I am a doctoral candidate in agriculture».
научный руководитель – research supervisor / research adviser
старший преподаватель – senior lecturer
доцент – assistant professor / reader / associate professor (амер.) / docent. «Now I occupy the position of docent which corresponds to reader in English-speaking countries».
профессор – professor / full professor (амер.) (professor of oceanology, professor of economics)
заведующий кафедрой – head of department
заместитель декана – deputy dean / assistant dean
декан – dean
проректор – vice president / vice rector
pектор – chancellor / president (амер.) / rector. «The rector is the highest academic official of many universities and other institutions of higher education».
младший научный сотрудник – research associate
старший научный сотрудник – senior research associate
члены-корреспонденты АН – members of the Russian Academy of Science / corresponding members
действительные члены – full members / academicians
тема исследования – topic / theme of research
актуальность исследования – relevance of research / motivation for study
объект исследования – object of research
предмет исследования – subject of research
цели исследования – aims of research
задачи исследования – research questions
гипотеза исследования – hypothesis of research
методы исследования – methods of investigation
новизна – original contribution
значимость – significance
внедрения – implementations
выводы – conclusions