- •М. А. Хлыбова английский язык для аспирантов
- •614090, Россия, г. Пермь, ул. Петропавловская, 23
- •Contents
- •Введение
- •Требования, предъявляемые к кандидатскому экзамену по дисциплине «Иностранный язык»
- •Содержание кандидатского экзамена
- •Структура кандидатского экзамена
- •Учебные тексты
- •Unit 1. Starting postgraduate studies
- •Vocabulary
- •1) Match the words in English with their Russian equivalents.
- •6) Add the qualities found in the previous task to the list below. Choose 5 most important qualities for postgraduate students and rank them.
- •7) Translate the sentences and identify what part of speech the word «research» is (noun / verb / adjective).
- •8) Translate into Russian and make sentences with the following word combinations.
- •9) Find synonyms and arrange them in pairs.
- •10) Answer the following questions.
- •11) Here are some parts of a dialogue. Match questions with suitable responses. Learn and act out the dialogue.
- •12) Read the text carefully and find some differences and similarities in the postgraduate course in the United Kingdom and that of our country.
- •13) Ask your friend using Present Continuous Active (see Appendix 2.1).
- •14) Use the correct form of the verb in brackets in the Active voice (see Appendix 2.1). Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •15) Use the vocabulary of the unit to express the following sentences in English. Pay attention to the tense form.
- •16) Put questions to the above sentences.
- •17) Complete the sentences according to the information given in the text:
- •18) Complete the sentences using the words and word combinations given in brackets.
- •19) Speak about your research work answering the following questions.
- •20) Insert the right word: subject, object, aim, research questions, significance, motivation for the study, methods.
- •21) Speak about the structure of your research. Use phrases given in Appendix 1.1.
- •22) Answer the questions.
- •Unit 2. Attending an academic conference
- •Vocabulary
- •1) Match the words in English with their Russian equivalents.
- •2) Complete the following sentences with the appropriate words or word combinations.
- •3) Find synonyms and arrange them in pairs.
- •4) Answer the following questions.
- •5) Read the following dialogues in parts. Learn and act out the dialogues.
- •6) Complete the following sentences with suitable modal verbs (see Appendix 2.2).
- •7) Explain the differences between the conferences given above. The points to be covered:
- •8) Write a letter to the organizing committee of the conference you are going to attend. Use phrases given in Appendix 1.2.
- •9) Fill in the application form to register for the conference. Conference application form
- •10) Speak about your participation in the conferences answering the following questions.
- •11) Translate into English using modal verbs.
- •12) Read and translate the text. Analyze the use of modal verbs.
- •13) Complete the sentences according to the information given in the text.
- •14) Use the vocabulary of the unit to express the following sentences in English.
- •Unit 3. Writing abstracts
- •Vocabulary
- •1) Find synonyms and arrange them in pairs.
- •2) Answer the following questions.
- •Informative abstracts
- •Informative abstract:
- •3) Explain the differences between descriptive and informative abstracts. The points to be covered:
- •5) Match the following Russian and English sentences. Pay attention to the verbs of the Passive voice (see Appendix 2.3).
- •6) Complete the following sentences with appropriate verbs in the Passive voice.
- •7) Rewrite the sentences in the Passive voice.
- •8) Translate the verbs and put them in the appropriate tense form of the Passive voice given in brackets.
- •9) Use the vocabulary of the unit to express the following sentences in English.
- •10) Write an informative abstract of your own article using the key patterns and word combinations (see Appendix 1.3). Unit 4. Making and delivering a presentation
- •Vocabulary
- •1) Answer these questions.
- •2) Learn the following introductory words which are useful for delivering a presentation.
- •3) These are some expressions used in the presentation. Put them in a logical order. Pay attention to the introductory words.
- •4) Match the words and phrases with different stages of a presentation.
- •5) Choose the right preposition.
- •6) Complete the following presentation with appropriate words from the box.
- •7) Complete the following sentences with the correct word.
- •8) Rearrange these sentences to make a complete presentation. Pay attention to using the introductory words given above.
- •9) Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the Subjunctive Mood (see Appendix 2.6).
- •10) Translate the following sentences into Russian. Define the type of conditional sentences (see Appendix 2.7).
- •11) Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations and memorize them.
- •12) Translate the following sentences and analyze the use of Participles (see Appendix 2.8.3).
- •13) Choose the correct form of Participles.
- •14) Answer the following questions.
- •15) Here are some rules for using visual aids. For each one select the correct missing word from the options.
- •16) Choose the correct verb from the in the box below and put it into the sentence. Make sure the verb agrees with the subject.
- •17) Imagine you are delivering a presentation at the conference. Use the following patterns (see Appendix 1.4). Unit 5. Reading and reviewing professional literature
- •Vocabulary
- •1) Match the following Russian and English sentences.
- •2) Answer the following questions.
- •3) Answer the following questions using the words and word combinations given in brackets.
- •4) Read the following sentences and translate them into Russian paying attention to the underlined word combinations.
- •5) Complete the sentences using the professional vocabulary.
- •6) Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Infinitive, its functions in the sentence. Find objective and subjective infinitive constructions (see Appendix 2.8.1).
- •7) Answer the following questions about the book and review given above.
- •8) Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the Gerunds (see Appendix 2.8.2).
- •9) Transform the following sentences using the Gerund. The beginning of a new sentence is given to you. Do as in the model.
- •10) Read the following text. Underline and analyze the use of the Gerunds in the text.
- •11) Translate the following sentences into English.
- •12) Speak about your own publications. Use the following questions as a guide for your talk. Use phrases given in vocabulary (see Appendix 1.5).
- •13) Translate the texts above and write reviews using the phrases from Appendix 1.5.
- •14) Write a review of a book you would like to recommend to your fellow-students using the phrases from Appendix 1.5. The points to be covered:
- •Bibliography
- •Appendix 1. Useful language
- •1.1. Structure of research
- •1.2. Letter of (Conference) Attendance
- •1.3. Abstract writing
- •1.4. Presentation structure
- •Inviting questions
- •1.5. Discussing a scientific publication
- •Appendix 2. Grammar Notes
- •2.1. Времена в действительном залоге
- •Времена группы Simple
- •2.2. Модальные глаголы
- •2.3. Страдательный залог (Passive Voice)
- •Сводная таблица спряжения глаголов
- •2.5. Согласование времен (Sequence of Tenses)
- •2.6. Сослагательное наклонение (The Subjunctive Mood)
- •2.7. Условные предложения (Conditional Sentences)
- •If Condition, (then) Statement – Если Условие, (то) Утверждение.
- •1) Условные предложения первого типа (First Conditional sentences)
- •2) Условные предложения второго типа (Second Conditional sentences)
- •3) Условные предложения третьего типа (Third Conditional sentences)
- •4) Смешанный тип 1
- •5) Смешанный тип 2
- •2.8. Неличные формы глагола (Non-Finite Forms of the Verb)
- •2.8.1. Инфинитив (the Infinitive)
- •Формы инфинитива
- •2.8.2. Герундий (the Gerund)
- •Функции герундия в предложении
- •2.8.3. Причастие (the Participle)
- •2.9. Порядок слов в предложении
- •2.10. Эмфатические конструкции
7) Explain the differences between the conferences given above. The points to be covered:
1. The form of participation in the conferences. 2. Types of papers to be submitted to the conferences. 3. The proceedings of the conferences.
8) Write a letter to the organizing committee of the conference you are going to attend. Use phrases given in Appendix 1.2.
9) Fill in the application form to register for the conference. Conference application form
|
First name and surname |
|
|
Job title |
|
|
Institution |
|
|
Department |
|
|
Postal address |
|
|
E-mail address |
|
|
Phone number |
|
|
Research supervisor (job title, scientific degree, institution) |
|
|
Title of the paper |
|
|
Short abstract (not exceeding 50 words) |
|
|
Key words |
|
|
Model of presentation (to underline) |
oral presentation (invited/contributed) or posters |
|
Comments (requirements for presentation) |
(e.g. handouts in large print formats, accommodation requirements) |
10) Speak about your participation in the conferences answering the following questions.
Did you receive a call for papers?
Was it a regional or an international conference?
When and where was it held?
What was the most interesting paper presented at this scientific meeting?
How long did this conference last?
How many simultaneous sessions were held on the same day?
Did you or any of your colleagues present papers at this conference?
What was the subject of your report?
Was your paper a success?
Was it discussed in detail?
Were there any discussions of general interest held during this conference?
What is your general impression of the conference?
11) Translate into English using modal verbs.
Вам следует заполнить форму заявки участника.
Я должен был представить краткие тезисы к конференции в Москве.
Во время выступления можно оценить уровень владения информацией докладчиком.
Для предстоящей конференции тебе нужно будет написать статью объемом 10-12 страниц.
Форма заявки участника должна содержать все необходимые данные об участнике конференции.
Аннотации и тезисы выступления должны быть представлены в организационный комитет до 31 мая 2014 года.
Сроки конференции могут быть изменены.
Информация о конференции должна быть доступной для всех ученых не позднее, чем за полгода.
В состав организационного комитета могут войти известные специалисты в области органического земледелия.
Доклад нужно было представить в письменной форме.
12) Read and translate the text. Analyze the use of modal verbs.
Text 3: Attending an academic conference
Why are you going to the conference? The major reason is that it's good for you:
to see the people who've written papers you've read,
to start to build relationships with other researchers in the field,
to tell people what you're doing and to find out what they are doing, and to find out that you're at least as smart and good as many of those researchers.
Attending a conference is a professionally rewarding experience. In addition to socializing with colleagues from other institutions and a trip to a possibly exotic locale, the two main reasons to attend a conference are to hear presentations and to converse with other researchers.
Listening to presentations will inform you of what others are doing (sometimes more clearly than the paper, and in any event with a slightly different spin and the ability to ask questions), will inspire research ideas of your own, and will expose you to different styles of presentation.
As your career advances, you'll learn that even though listening to the talks is extremely valuable, hallway conversations can be even more fruitful. Do everything you can to cultivate such conversations: that is one of your chief jobs at the conference.
You should also tell others about your research. Think about how to frame your work to convey how interesting it is. This is an important skill not just for a conference but in general. Plan your pitch, practice it with your friends, and then further refine it through interactions at the conference. Remember to talk first about the goals of your research, and only then about the techniques you are using. You have to convince others that the work is worth hearing about before they will be willing to listen to the technical details.
You'll learn a lot from talking about your work – seeing what confuses people and receiving their ideas and suggestions, for example but remember that no one likes to be in a conversation in which they only listen. You always need to tell people about your work, but also be sure to ask others about their work (even doing so first). You'll also learn a lot by listening and asking questions. Keep an open mind, and try to deeply understand their research.
Feel free to approach other students to learn what they are doing and to spread the word about your own research. This is an easy way to expand your circle of acquaintances and eventually meet more well-known researchers. As a side benefit, in a few years, the students will themselves be more senior and may even be famous, and you'll already have a relationship with them.
If there's someone on your «hit list» of people you want to talk with at the conference, just go up to that person and join or start a conversation. If you have a topic to discuss, the person will be grateful to you for broaching it, and that person is unlikely to have known to approach you. Help others: make introductions and tell others of related works or people they should talk to.
So, you should work hard to attend lots of sessions and read lots of papers. But it's unlikely that you'll go to every session: some will be genuinely uninteresting to you. In addition, the most important part of a conference is «schmoozing», standing in hallways talking to colleagues.
Hang out some with the folks you already know. But don't do this exclusively, since you can do that elsewhere, but you can only schmooze with other folks here. Debriefing with each other on sessions, papers, interactions with others, etc. is of value, though, and you should do this with each other on occasion.
Text 4: Climate-Smart Agriculture: Global Science Conference
Over 300 participants from 35 countries, representing scientific institutions, universities, multilateral organizations, governments, international organizations, farmers’ organizations, private sector and civil society organizations convened at the 2nd Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture at the University of California, Davis, to explore avenues to move forward on scientific priorities in climate-smart agriculture and to catalyze transformative actions.
Participants presented key scientific findings relevant to climate smart agriculture, identified priorities for new research and explored potential opportunities to strengthen science-policy integration to wide global food security and nutrition, alleviate poverty, support sustainable development and promote ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes. The conference focused on three key themes:
Sustainable farm and food systems: options for sustainable intensification, agroecosystem management and food systems;
Landscape and regional scales: land use, ecosystem services and regional resilience;
Integrative and transformative institutional and policy aspects: bridging across scales to link science and practice to ensure food security and nutrition, poverty alleviation and multiple ecosystem services.
Overview of the Conference Program
The conference is structured around:
a set of open plenary lectures on specific topics that offer an overview and an interpretation of major issues related to climate change and agriculture;
a set of parallel science sessions that offer interdisciplinary views and a forum for in depth discussion of narrower issues where the effort will be to collectively seek conclusions regarding the available scientific knowledge that forms a basis for specific policies and / or actions to mitigate and / or adapt to climate change;
a set of special sessions organized by groups and institutions to highlight research and specific actions underway to influence and / or achieve mitigation and adaptation to climate change, and the ways that these research initiatives are supported by specific institutions and policies.
Hopefully, these three program components will help in clarifying the state of science today, as it is relevant to climate change and agriculture, further diffuse knowledge among participants and others internationally, and result in specific ideas for new types of research initiatives that utilize diverse sets of knowledge systems, and provide stronger linkages between science and policy.
The conference will also develop a statement regarding the main findings and recommendations that emerge from the discussions. We hope all participants will join in the discussions for developing this statement and collectively participate in the reflections on the statement on Friday.
Elements of the draft statement will be produced by conference participants as the conference proceeds, responding to the presentations and discussion in the plenary lectures and the parallel science sessions. The draft will be available on paper on Friday morning. We hope you will engage and discuss this draft and contribute to its refinement. Without knowing in advance the evolution of the conference and the degree of agreement on different issues, we cannot predict the nature of the document. However, the intent of the conference is to focus on both state of science and also the implications of this science for policy and action.
Thank you to all of the participants for your contributions.