Unit 6 analytical chemistry and its methods

I. Read and translate the international words

analytical, separation, identification, quantification, component, analysis, indication, classical, instrumental, extraction, distillation, apparatus, absorption, chromatography, electrophoresis, clinical, procedure, reagent, thermogravimetric, calorimetry, emission, fluorescence, titration, microscope

to separate, to identify, to determine, to achieve, to base, to detect, to weight, to add, to measure, to view, to focus on, to accomplish, to provide, to probe.

II. Read and translate Analytical Chemistry

Analytical chemistry is the study of the separation, identification, and quantification of the chemical components of natural and artificial materials. Qualitative analysis gives an indication of the identity of the chemical species in the sample and quantitative analysis determines the amount of one or more of these components. Analytical methods can be separated into classical and instrumental. Classical methods use separations such as precipitation, extraction, and distillation and qualitative analysis by color, odor, or melting point. Quantitative analysis is achieved by measurement of weight or volume. Instrumental methods use an apparatus to measure physical quantities of the analyte such as light absorption, fluorescence, or conductivity. The separation of materials is accomplished by using chromatography or electrophoresis methods.

Analytical chemistry is also focused on improvements in experimental design, chemometrics, and the creation of new measurement tools to provide better chemical information. Analytical chemistry has applications in forensics, bioanalysis, clinical analysis, environmental analysis, and materials analysis.

Classical Methods

• Qualitative analysis determines the presence or absence of a particular compound, but not the mass or concentration.

• Chemical test is a qualitative or quantitative procedure designed to prove the existence of a chemical compound or chemical group with the aid of a specific reagent.

• Flame test is a procedure used in chemistry to detect the presence of certain metal ions, based on each element's characteristic emission spectrum.

• Gravimetric analysis involves determining the amount of material present by weighing the sample before and/or after some transformation.

• Titration (volumetric analysis) involves the addition of a reactant to a solution being analyzed until some equivalence point is reached.

Instrumental Methods

• Spectroscopy measures the interaction of the molecules with electromagnetic radiation.

• Mass spectrometry measures mass-to-charge ratio of molecules using electric and magnetic fields.

• Electroanalytical methods measure the potential (volts) and/or current (amps) in an electrochemical cell containing the analyte.

• Calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis measure the interaction of a material and heat.

• Separation processes (chromatography, electrophoresis) are used to decrease the complexity of material mixtures.

• Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view samples and objects that cannot be seen with the unaided eye.

III. Match the English word combinations in column A to their Russian equivalents in column B

А artificial material precipitation light absorption flame test emission spectrum gravimetric analysis equivalence point electromagnetic radiation mass spectrometry magnetic field electrochemical cell with the unaided eye calorimetry separation process metal ion electroanalytical method

B точка эквивалентности поглощение света электрохимическая ячейка невооруженным глазом магнитное поле искусственный материал ион металла спектр испускания процесс разделения реакция в пламени калориметрия осаждение гравиметрический анализ электромагнитное излучение электроаналитический метод масс-спектрометрия