12. Give the three forms of the following verbs.

to be, to use, to build, to become, to begin, to do, to introduce, to drive, to equip, to launch, to regulate, to oversee, to bring, to produce, to accompany

13. Choose the sentences with Passive Voice and translate them.

1. Water transportation is generally used to transport heavy products over long distances.

2. The small effort is needed to move floating craft.

3. The raft was made of logs of wood.

4. The water transport in ancient times developed on great rivers.

5. One of the earliest steamboats was tested at the end of the 18th century.

6. The first steamship to cross the Atlantic was the Savannah.

7. A great deal was done to improve ports.

8. The largest ships are still generally driven by steam turbines.

9. In the late 1950s a few ships were being built which were equipped with nuclear reactors for producing steam.

10. The world's first atomic ice-breaker was launched in Leningrad.

11. The atomic ice-breaker has three nuclear reactors.

12. The engine will need only a few grams of atomic fuel a week.

13. The United Nation’s International Maritime Organization oversees safety and environmental matters.

14. The ILO focuses on labor standards in the shipping industry.

15. Ports form the terminals for shipping operations.

14. Complete the sentences with an active or passive form.

ACTIVE	PASSIVE
1) The industrial revolution promoted the rapid increase in the size and power of ships.	1) The rapid increase in the size and power of ships was promoted by the industrial revolution.
2) The industrial countries _______ great quantities of goods.	2) Great quantities of goods are produced by the industrial countries.
3) Ships carried products to all parts of the world.	3) Products _______ to all parts of the world by ships.
4) Powerful radiation________ the operation of the nuclear reactor.	4) The operation of the nuclear reactor is accompanied by powerful radiation.
5) Shipping also provides important ferry and passenger services.	5) Important ferry and passenger services ________ by shipping.
6) Local governments also ________ shipping.	6) Shipping is also regulated by local governments.

15. Choose the right answers to the following questions.

• What means of transportation is the most ancient?

a) air

b) water

c) rail

• What is the earliest type of boat?

a) barge

b) galley

c) raft

• What are the main advantages of water transportation?

a) high cost	d) low cost
b) high speed	e) low speed
c) high safety	f) low safety