9. Choose the right word or word-combination.

1) The introduction of the magnetic … allowed long voyages to be made with much greater safety.

a) equipment

b) compass

c) material

2) The rapid … in the size and power of ships was promoted by the industrial revolution.

a) drop

b) decrease

c) increase

3) Improved ports permitted larger ships to use them and to make … faster.

a) speed

b) loading and unloading

c) motor ships

4) In the late 1950s a few ships were being built which were … with nuclear reactors for producing steam.

a) equipped

b) installed

c) protected

5) In spite of the …. of her engine being 44,000 h.p., it will need only a few grams of atomic fuel a week.

a) power

b) capacitive

c) capacity

6) National governments control movements within … waters, register vessels, and regulate the nature of the services.

a) local

b) international

c) territorial

7) Local governments own and control … that form the terminals for shipping operations.

a) ports

b) harbors

c) vessels

10. Fill in the words listed below.

Assignment 1

a) more	d) container	f) approximately
b) ferry	e) ships	g) tonnage
c) carries

In the early XXI century the international shipping industry ¹⁾_______ about 90 % of global trade by weight. Shipping also provides important ²⁾_______ and passenger services. In 2005 globally there were ³⁾_______ 42,200 registered ships with a combined ⁴⁾_______ of nearly 600 million gross tons. Of these ⁵⁾_______ than 20,000 were general cargo vessels, 6,100 bulk carriers, 3,200 ⁶⁾_______ vessels, 11,300 tankers, and nearly 5,700 passenger ⁷⁾_______.

Assignment 2

a) influence	c) roads	e) development
b) seas	d) transportation	f) navigable

Shipping is ¹⁾_______ of passengers and goods on waterways. From prehistoric times shipping has had a major ²⁾_______ on human social ³⁾_______. Water routes, unlike ⁴⁾_______, did not need building, and the difficulties and dangers were less than those offered by mountains, marshes, and enemy tribes. Therefore many early civilizations developed on ⁵⁾_______ rivers or on the coasts of warm ⁶⁾_______.

11. Give the comparative and superlative of the following adjectives.

slow, expensive, heavy, long, great, large, smooth, efficient, reliable, powerful