28. Practice saying the following words.

competitive [kəm'petɪtɪv]	consumer [kən'sjuːmə]
dredger ['dreʤə]	dynamic [daɪ'næmɪk]
environment [ɪn'vaɪər(ə)nmənt]	finance ['faɪnæn(t)s]
genuine ['ʤenjuɪn]	leadership ['liːdəʃɪp]
purchase ['pɜːʧəs ]	recent ['riːs(ə)nt]
turnover ['tɜːnˌəuvə]	yacht [jɔt]

29. Read and memorize the active vocabulary.

Noun and noun phrases

business - дело, бизнес

cargo handling - управление судном

civilian ship - гражданское судно

competitive sector - конкурентоспособный сектор

consumer - потребитель

environmental and safety systems - системы безопасности и защиты окружающей среды

ferry - паром

global leadership - мировое господство, превосходство

mega-yacht - мега-яхта

on a global scale - в глобальном масштабе

purchase - покупка

sea-going commercial vessels - океанское торговое судно

substantial investments - значительные вложения

the global market - мировой рынок

turbulence - болтанка, турбулентность

turnover - товарооборот

vessels for the long term - суда дальнего плавания

Verbs and verbal phrases

to have a strong position - занимать прочную позицию

to cancel - отменять

to drop - падать

to finance - финансировать

to focus on - сконцентрировать(ся)

to have a backlog - иметь портфель заказов, невыполненные заказы (проведенные по счетам, но еще не выполненные )

to repair and maintenance - ремонтировать и поддерживать техническое состояние

to strengthen - укреплять

to take into consideration - принимать во внимание

to triple - утраивать

to underline - подчёркивать

Adjectives

innovative - инновационный, передовой

Adverbs

equally - одинаково, равным образом, поровну

directly - напрямую, прямо, непосредственно

on average - в среднем

Prepositions

in terms of - показателях, в единицах, в исчислении

in response to - в ответ на

Geographical and Proper Names

the European marine equipment industry - Европейская промышленность судостроительного оборудования

READING

30. Translate the text into the Russian language.

TEXT D

The European Shipbuilding Industry

The European shipbuilding industry is a dynamic and competitive sector both in the EU and on a global scale. It has great importance from both an economic and a social perspective, and also involves other areas including transport, security, research and the environment.

The European shipbuilding industry is the global leader in the construction of complex vessels such as cruise ships, ferries, mega-yachts and dredgers. It also has a strong position in the building of submarines and other naval vessels. Equally, the European marine equipment industry is world leader for a wide range of products from propulsion systems, large diesel engines, environmental and safety systems to cargo handling and electronics.

There are around 150 large shipyards in Europe, with around 40 of them active in the global market for large sea-going commercial vessels. Around 120,000 people are directly employed by shipyards in the European Union. Some shipyards focus on new building of ships, others on repair and maintenance. Some shipyards focus on specific innovative ship types, others focus on process innovation, building a variety of ship types. Some shipyards build for commercial clients, others for consumers or governments. With a market share of around 15% in volume terms, Europe is still vying with South Korea for global leadership in terms of the value of civilian ships produced (15 billion Euros in 2007).

In response to the economic turbulence following the 9/11 attacks, the EU developed the LeaderSHIP 2015 strategy for the shipbuilding sector, seeking to strengthen its competitiveness in the global market. It takes into consideration the high-tech nature of this sector and the substantial investments made by yards on research, development and innovation.

In the period from 2003 up until the economic crisis struck the sector in 2008, the strategy had much success. European yards' orders more than tripled in value between 2002 and 2005; growing at a faster rate than those of any other region.

Recent years have seen huge increases in the number of ships ordered - particularly of the tanker, bulk cargo and containership types - many by financial speculators rather than traditional ship-owners. Indeed, many shipyards across the world still have a backlog of orders to deliver in the next two to three years. But since the end of 2008, new orders have fallen close to zero across all ship types. The amount of cargo carried around the world has dropped off dramatically. Many ship-owners are laying up vessels for the long term because there is no business for them, so they now have little interest in bringing new ships into their fleets. Some orders will be cancelled, and some yards will complete vessels and find their buyers can no longer finance the purchase.

Europe’s competitive advantage has been and will continue to be based upon its ability to construct the most advanced vessels. And they bear witness to the fact that European shipyards are genuine engineering power-houses. The high-tech nature of the shipbuilding industry is further underlined by the fact that yards, on average, invest more than 10% of their turnover on research, development and innovation.

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