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4.2. Make up word combinations and translate them

tumour

range

a linear

the pain

treatment

off to zero

cancerous

recurrence

a short

wires

radioactive

treatment

gradually dropping

accelerator

To lessen

tissue

To reduce

area

surgical

symptoms

4.3. Match the columns to have the right sentences.

1.

Various forms of radiation - high-energy X-rays, for example,

  • this can kill cancer cells, slow down their growth and shrink tumors to enable surgery.

2.

Radiation therapy for cancer can be used alone

  • as well as the cancerous tissue, albeit to a lesser extent.

3.

Radiation therapy involves delivering waves of energy sufficient to disrupt the ability of cancer cells to grow and divide;

  • the treatment is often simulated during planning before the real treatment is administered.

4.

The source of radiation can also be short-range and delivered internally,

  • by shrinking a tumour and relieving pressure on surrounding tissues, for example.

5.

Radiation therapy can offer relief from cancer symptoms

  • are used in some forms of external radiation therapy.

6.

Side effects of radiation therapy occur because adjacent healthy tissue is affected

such as radioactive metal placed in or near cancerous tissue.

7.

Most side effects are localized to the area treated and are usually short-term,

  • although some effects, such as fatigue, can be systemic.

8.

To ensure accurate placement of radiotherapy,

or in combination with surgery or chemotherapy

3.4. Answer the following questions.

4. Work in pairs, read text a or b. Highlight the main ideas, retell the information to your partner. Text a. Radiation dose, monitoring and protection

Doses of radiation are measured in terms of the amount of energy absorbed per kilogram of body mass exposed - 1 joule of energy deposited in 1 kilogram of mass amounts to 1 international unit of energy absorbed, or 1 gray (Gy).

Doctors giving radiation therapy keep a record of the amount of radiation administered and the area of the body exposed.

Both the individual doses and the cumulative dose affect the risk of long-term side effects, and different cancers and areas of the body respond in different ways.

Health professionals delivering radiation or working in the vicinity of treatment are required to take steps to keep their exposure to a minimum and to measure how much they receive.

Like any medical treatment, a patient makes the decision to go ahead with the care team's recommendation for radiation therapy having determined for them that the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks.

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