1. Match the words and phrases 1-6 with the meanings a-f.

1. capital

126. start-up cost

127. a tight budget

128. potential

129. return on investment

130. payback period

1. careful control of costs necessary when you have very little money

2. the profit you make from an activity in relation to how much money you put in

3. money you lend to someone so that they can start a business venture

4. the time needed to get back the cost of an investment

5. the expense of setting up a new business or new project

6. possibility of future success

30. Now complete the text below using the words and phrases from exercise 1.

Finance for space ventures.

It is very difficult for companies in the private space industry to find the necessary _____ for new space projects. Private investors don’t like investing in space because the _____ is high, and because the _____ can be as much as 20 years or more. Investors want to be sure that they will get a good _____. However, some millionaire space enthusiasts will support projects even if there is not much _____ for making a profit. Even government projects are often short of money. Most space ventures have to run on _____.

31. Choose the best form of the verb go

1. if the money was right , I _____ and work anywhere in the world.

131. We’ll lose customers if we _____ down to our competitors’ prices

132. Unless we get a really good deal , we _____ to the conference this year.

133. They wouldn’t agree our request , unless we _____ some way towards their position

134. If we paid cash , _____ (you) down to $25, 000?

32. Complete the sentences with preposition:

1. The Guarantee is valid …. three years.

2. If it breaks down, we will replace free …. charge.

3. We can provide a new unit …. no extra cost.

4. We guarantee delivery …. three working days.

5. We buy …. certain services when we’re busy.

6. We have decided not to take …. the extended warrantee.

7. Is the unit still …. guarantee?

8. We have built …. very good relationships with our suppliers.

9. We don’t deal …. these suppliers any more.

33. Make expressions about internships by matching each verb to a phrase a-f below

1. Incorporate…

2. Enhance …

3. Relate …

4. Be assessed…

5. Be supervised…

6. Offer …

1. your academic study to the workplace.

2. work experience into a university degree.

3. by your institution through reports , appraisals , etc.

4. closely by someone from the workplace and a university staff member.

5. your career prospects by doing an internship.

6. permanent employment to a student after graduation.

References:

Adapted from Intelligent Business by Christine Johnson,p.33.

UNIT 4. ETIQUETTE. BAD MANNERS AT WORK.

Vocabulary

Contact – связи

Etiquette – этикет

Hierarchy – иерархия

Organization – организация

Punctual – пунктуальный

Relationship – отношение

Rule – правило

Status – статус

Subordinate – подчиненный

Working environment – производственная среда

Etiquette is the name we give to the rules for being polite in a social group. Business etiquette is important for people who often have to make new contacts and build relationships in their work. Politeness can also help to improve the working environment for people in the same office. Some cultures and situations are formal, which means that we have to follow rules; other cultures and situations are more informal.

There are different opinions about what is polite or impolite. Different cultures express politeness in different ways. Even in the same country, there may be different views about what are good manners or bad manners. But the same rules apply everywhere. Politeness is about showing respect for others. It means thinking about other people’s feelings.

In formal situations, we follow standard rules for politeness. In business, we are usually polite when we make new contacts, meet customers or people from other companies. Politeness is often linked to status. We are usually more polite to people above us in the organizational hierarchy. In today’s working environment, most managers show respect for their workers. They might say, we really need to send the report as soon as possible. Could you please do it today? If you consider other people’s feelings, they are usually more willing to work hard, to help and to cooperate.

Sydney

We in Sydney are very easy - going and relaxed about rules. But we work hard. We start work pretty early in the morning. Breakfast meetings are common, starting at 8 a.m. And we like to be late! We’re generally very informal. Men often wear a jacket and tie during office hours. But we prefer informal clothes when the weather is hot. For lunch, we usually go out for a sandwich. What do we talk about? Well - it isn’t difficult to talk to Australians- we’re very friendly people. But it helps a lot if you can talk about sport.

London

Most people that I know don’t like to start work early. We hate breakfast meetings! People are always in hurry - so being on time for meetings is important. People think the British are very formal. But things are changing. I think we’re quite informal nowadays. Some men still wear formal business suits - but a lot of people come to work in casual clothes. Lunch is often a quick sandwich and a coffee. After work, we like to go to the pub with colleagues. At pub you can talk about everything you like!

New York

Life in New York is fast and dynamic. Some people say that we’re rude. I don’t mean to be rude - I just don’t have much time for being polite! Work starts early in the morning - breakfast meetings start at 7 a.m. - don’t be late! Most people dress in suits for business - it’s important to look smart. A lot of people eat at their desk at lunchtime. But if we go to a restaurant, we talk business right through lunch. We don’t talk about the food. People are very competitive and work always comes first!

Answer the questions according to the text:

1. What does the word “etiquette” mean?

2. What do we do in formal situations?

3. In which city…

a)….do people like to be informal?

b)….are people very competitive?

c)….are things changing?

EXERCISES: