- •Хабаровская государственная академия экономики и права
- •Хабаровск 2002
- •Оглавление
- •Введение
- •I. Неличные формы глагола (Non-finite forms of the verb)
- •II. Инфинитив (The Infinitive)
- •§1. Употребление форм инфинитива
- •§ 2. Функции инфинитива в предложении
- •§ 3. Сложное дополнение (Complex Object)
- •Сложное дополнение употребляется:
- •§ 4. Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject)
- •§ 5. Инфинитивный оборот с предлогом for (The For-to-Infinitive Construction )
- •Exercises
- •I. State the forms of the Infinitive in the following sentences. Translate them into Russian.
- •II. Translate the following sentences into Russian and state the functions of the Infinitive.
- •III. Translate into Russian, paying attention to the Active and Passive Infinitive.
- •IV. Translate into Russian, paying attention to the Indefinite, Continuous and Perfect forms of the Infinitive.
- •V. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Mind the use of the Infinitive as an attribute.
- •VI. Paraphrase the following so as to use the Infinitive according to the model.
- •VII. Translate the following sentences. Mind the use of the Infinitive as the adverbial modifier of result.
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into English using the same structures as in the models.
- •IX. Study the following table and compose as many sentences as you can using the Complex Object.
- •X. Translate the following sentences. Mind the use of the Complex Object.
- •XI. Translate the following into Russian and find the Complex Object.
- •XII. Translate the following dialogue. State the function of the infinitive.
- •XIII. Answer the following questions using Complex Object.
- •XIV. Complete the questions using the Complex Object:
- •XV. А. Write one sentence instead of the given two using Complex Objects.
- •XVI. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •XVII. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the Complex Object and the way of translating it.
- •XVIII. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the Complex Subject and the way of translating it.
- •XIX. Practice the following according to the model. Use the Complex Subject.
- •XX. Practice the following according to the model. Use the Complex Subject.
- •XII. Read the sentences with: 1) Complex Object: 2) Complex Subject: and 3) Infinitive as an Attribute. Translate the sentences.
- •XIII. Translate the sentences into Russian, state the form and the function of the Infinitive.
- •XXIV. Translate into English, using the Infinitive.
- •XXV. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the Infinitive and Infinitive Constructions:
- •I II. Причастие (The Participle)
- •§ 1. Образование форм причастия
- •§ 2. Употребление форм причастия
- •§ 3. Функции причастия в предложении
- •§ 4. Сложные конструкции с причастием
- •The us Congress consists of two Конгресс сша состоит из двух
- •Exercises
- •I. Practice the following forms of the Participle.
- •1) Being written:
- •II. Change the following sentences according to the model.
- •III. Paraphrase the sentences according to the model.
- •IV. Translate the following sentences into Russian. State the form and the function of the Participle.
- •V. Exercise the Participle, translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VI. 1. Translate the word combinations with Participle II.
- •2. Compose a number of sentences using the word combinations.
- •VII. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to Participle II.
- •VIII. Complete the sentences using the Present or Past Participle. Translate them into Russian.
- •IX. Use Participle I or Participle II.
- •X. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to Absolute Participle Construction.
- •XI. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the Absolute Participle Construction.
- •XII. Translate the sentences with Participle Constructions.
- •XIII. Translate the following sentences, mind the use of various forms of the Participle.
- •XIV. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •XV. Translate the following sentences into Russian. State the function of the Participle.
- •XVI. Translate the following sentences. Define the function of the Participle.
- •IV. Герундий (The Gerund)
- •§ 1. Употребление форм герундия
- •§ 2. Функции герундия в предложении
- •§ 3. Герундиальный оборот
- •§ 4. Отличие герундия от отглагольного существительного
- •Exercises
- •I. Translate the following sentences. State the forms of the gerund.
- •II. Choose the correct form.
- •III. Answer the following questions using the gerund as: 1) direct object; 2) prepositional object; 3) attribute; 4) adverbial modifier.
- •V. Use the gerund in the active or passive form.
- •VI. Use the gerund of the verb in brackets (in the active or passive voice, perfect or non-perfect form).
- •VII. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the gerund complex.
- •VIII. Paraphrase using a gerund complex.
- •IX. Complete the sentences using the object form or the possessive before the gerund.
- •X. Make up short dialogues using the gerund according to the model.
- •He reached the top in the end.
- •(Surprised) Oh, he succeeded in reaching it, did he.
- •I don’t feel like going for a walk.
- •XI. Translate the following sentences. State the function of the gerund.
- •XII. Translate into Russian the following sentences, state the function of the Gerund.
- •XIII. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the form of the Gerund and its function.
- •XIV. Translate the sentences paying attention to the non-finite forms of the verb.
- •XV. Translate the following sentences paying attention to non-finite forms of the verb.
- •XVI. Read and translate the following.
- •Библиографический список
XV. Translate the following sentences into Russian. State the function of the Participle.
A solicitor spends most of his time in an office giving advice to clients, making investigators and preparing documents.
In England anyone facing criminal prosecution is entitled to choose a firm of lawyers to represent him.
In most countries, once a lawyer is fully qualified he receives a certificate proving his right to sell his services.
In England, the body regulating the conduct of solicitors is the Law Society.
Another principle is that the terms being offered and accepted must be certain.
He acted as the prosecuting lawyer.
Being suspected of an offence he was detained.
Having been questioned, he was released on bail in the interests of investigation.
XVI. Translate the following sentences. Define the function of the Participle.
Barristers are professionals in the sphere having a lot to do with logic and rhetoric opposite to solicitors in whose job a knowledge of law plays the main role.
One of the specifications of the English legal system is that a practicing lawyer has an obligation to hold either a place of a barrister or of a solicitor.
Looking back over English legal history it is plain to see that the old local customs at and around the time of the Norman Conquest are the historical source of the common law.
The last stage in the Commons is the third reading. When debating the Bill here only verbal changes can be made.
When emerging from the Lords the Bill may well have been altered.
The suspect using the services of a famous lawyer could prove his alibi.
Being accused of burglary and being found guilty Mr. Brown was sentenced to three years of imprisonment.
When political institutions act they are often forced to compromise, deferring critical issues to the courts.
In the Crown Court three main kinds of judges preside, depending upon the seriousness of the case: High Court judges, circuit judges and part time judges.
Parliament functions, making laws, providing money for the government through taxation, examining government policy, debating political questions.
When having a conflict of evidence in a trial some more evidence should be found.
Preventing crimes the police perform their main function.
Prescribing the punishment in criminal law it is very hard to provide a full definition for a crime.
Only those in the Lords holding high judicial office deal with appeals.
The principal governing body of the Bar is the General Council of the Bar. The governing body of solicitors is the Law Society.
The Attorney-General is a legal adviser to the government and as such - a practicing barrister and head of the English Bar.
Youth courts try children and young people under eighteen. According to the criminal Justice Act 1991 there are three justices, usually including at least one woman.
IV. Герундий (The Gerund)
Герундий – это неличная форма глагола, выражающая название действия и соединяющая в себе свойства существительного и глагола.
В русском языке нет формы глагола, соответствующей герундию.
Простая форма герундия образуется путем прибавление суффикса –ing к основе глагола: to read – reading; to defend – defending, причем правила образования этой формы герундия такие же, как правила образования форм причастия.
Как существительное, герундий может:
1. Быть в предложении подлежащим, частью сказуемого, прямым дополнением.
Сочетаться с предлогом, и в этом случае выполнять функцию предложного дополнения, определения или обстоятельства.
Определяться существительным в притяжательном или общем падеже или притяжательным местоимением.
His being guilt is evident. То, что он виноват, очевидно.
He was accused of committing Его обвинили в совершении
a crime. преступления.
The officer’s identifying the criminal Опознание полицейским
helped to arrest him. преступника помогло
арестовать его.
Как глагол, герундий может:
1. Иметь прямое дополнение, например:
I remember having read this article. Я помню, что читал эту
статью.
Определяться наречием, например:
He likes reading aloud. Он любит читать вслух.
Формы времени и залога
|
Active |
Passive |
Indefinite |
Taking |
being taken |
Perfect |
having taken |
having been taken |
Отрицательная форма герундия образуется с помощью отрицательной частицы not, которая ставится перед герундием: not writing, not being written.