Module 9. Trends in it

№

Term

Definition

Usage

Accelerate (v)

increase in rate, amount, or extent; begin to move more quickly

~ (a) process/development/tempo/ changes/reforms/growth;

accelerated (adj), acceleration (n); accelerometer (n);

syn. quicken

ant. decelerate

Ad hoc (adj)

created or done for a particular purpose as necessary

an ~ network/test/analysis/ approach/body/committee; resolve sth ~; do sth on an ~ basis;

adhocracy (n)

Agile (adj)

able to move or think quickly and easily; characterized by flexibility and pragmatism, adjusting development to customer needs and goals

~ methods/methodology/project management/software development

agility (n); aglet (agile applet);

syn. adaptive, flexible

ant. waterfall

Amplify (v)

increase the volume, amplitude of sth like a sound, an electrical signal; make sth more intense

~ (a/n) signal/music/effect/process/ discussion; amplifier (n); amplification (n);

syn. enhance, augment;

ant. reduce, weaken

AI (abbr)

Artificial Intelligence

a branch of computer science that aims to program computers for reasoning, problem solving, learning, planning, manipulating objects

theoretical(practical) aspects/area of ~; ~ language/research/ technology/program;

specialize in/study/develop ~;

(un)intelligent (adj), (un)intelligently (adv), intelligentsia (n)

Asynchronous (adj)

not existing or occurring at the same time; (of computing processes) that can start or stop independently of other processes, which maximizes computing resources by utilizing idle times

~ communication/media/computing; ~ with sth;

synchronize with (v), asynchrony,

a/synchronously (adv);

ant. synchronous

Beta test

the second (pre-release) phase of software testing in which a sampling of the intended audience tries the product out and reports bugs back to the developers

launch/undergo/subject to/stand/pass a ~; be on the ~; beta-testing (n);

Cf. beta version

Best practices

commercial or professional procedures and standards that are globally accepted or prescribed as being correct or most effective

ensure/get exposed to/identify/ use/share/promulgate/adopt/gain an insight into/implement/follow/ transfer ~; industry/current ~;

the latest and ~ of the profession;

the ~ of the 1990

Cf. Big Data, Machine Learning, IoT, e-gov, e-commerce

Biometric (adj)

using biometric traits (fingerprints, eye retina, etc.) to verify users’ claimed identities when accessing devices, networks, networked or Web applications

~ authentication/ verification/techniques/method/security device; biometrical (adj): approach/genetics/characteristics; biometrics (n), biometrician (n); bioinformatics (n)

syn. biometry

Breakthrough (n)

a sudden, dramatic, and important discovery or development

a major/technological/conceptual/ exciting/important/dramatic ~; achieve/make a ~; a ~ in sth

Bricks and clicks

business that existed pre-Internet which now also uses the e-commerce selling technology via the Internet

~ stores/practices;

syn. physical VS virtual

Cf. bricks and mortar

Channel integration (n)

the practice of creating consistent messaging and utility across different complementing customer channels such as radio, TV, printed media, Internet, direct mailing, call center operations, making sure that customers have the same experience, regardless of the channel they use

promote/enhance/contribute to ~;

(dis)integrated (adj);

ant. disintegration

Cloud (n)

a public or semi-public space for delivering hosted data storage, encapsulation, translation and transportation services over the Internet

~ computing/storage/technology; private/public/hybrid ~ computing services

Cf. in-house (storage)

Cluster (n)

a group of similar things or people positioned or occurring closely together; a group of loosely coupled computers that work together closely

a ~ of houses/stars /fruit, data ~; cluster (v): ~ around (v), clustered (adj), clustering (n): use/apply application ~, ~ of DB; software ~; clusterize (v), clusterization;

syn. bunch, knot

Cobot (n)

a robot that has been designed to work in collaboration with a human, as a co-worker would

create/design/operate a ~;

cobotic (adj): a ~ device

Cutting-edge (adj)

related to technological devices, techniques or achievements that employ the most current and high-level IT developments

~ technology/equipment;

cutting edge (n): the ~ of science/technology, etc.;

become/gain a sharper/lose/form/give sb/lack/represent/be at/stay at the ~;

syn. state-of-the-art, leading edge

Innovate (v)

make changes in sth established, especially by introducing new methods, ideas, or products

failure/desire to ~; keep ~ing;

~ competitively; innovation (n): promote/support/introduce ~s; biotech/latest/breakthrough ~s; innovator (n), innovatory (adj)

Knowledge (n)

facts, information, and skills

acquired through experience

or education; the intellectual

assets of an enterprise, system

~ management/economy; ~ base

(n), ~based engineering/economy/ approach; knowledgeable (adj),

knowledgeability (n),acknowledge

(v), acknowledgement (n)

Life hacker (n)

any trick, shortcut, skill, or novelty method that increases productivity and efficiency, solves an everyday problem in an inspired, ingenious manner

create/invent/design/be a ~;

life-hacking (adj): a ~ device/ method

Modify (v)

make partial or minor changes to sth

~ a program,/structure/design;

modification (n), modified (adj), modifier (n);

syn. change, adjust, adapt

Multi- (prf)

related to more than one, many

~-purpose/functional/media/

mode/user; multiply (v),

multiple (adj), multiplicity (n), multitasking (n)

Nano (n)

denoting a factor of 10−9 (one billionth part of sth), sth sub-microscopical

~ technology/material/fibre/scale/ particle/tube/second/bot

Neural network

a computational model based on the structure and functions of biological neural networks

theoretical (practical) aspects/area of ~; ~ research/technology/ program; specialize in/study/develop ~; artificial ~

Next-generation (adj)

related to the future, being in store

~ operational support system/ solutions/computer

Open source (n)

the original source code in software engineering which is made freely available to the public and may be redistributed and modified

~ software/protocol/project/product/ initiative

Outsourcing (n)

using external sources to provide service and support operations

IT/partial/total ~; use/resort to ~;

outsource (v): ~ services/

facilities;

ant. insourcing

3-D printing (n)

an additive manufacturing process that builds layers to create a three-dimensional solid object from a digital model

develop/introduce ~; the cost/ opportunity/introduction of ~;

3-D printer (n)

4-D printing (n)

an additive manufacturing that prints objects capable of transformation and, in some cases, of self-assembly

develop/practice/introduce ~;

the cost/opportunity/introduction of ~; 4-D printer (n)

-proof (adj)

never-failing, protected from

water/fool/bullet/sound/

earthquake~;

Cf. water-resistant

Quantum programming (n)

a would-be programming, in which calculations are based on the behavior of particles at the sub-atomic level, capable of executing far more millions of instructions per second (MIPS) than before because the data units can exist in more than one state at a time

develop/practice/introduce ~;

the cost/opportunity/introduction of ~;

ant. binary computer programming

Real-time (adj)

a level of computer responsiveness that a user senses as sufficiently immediate, occurring in actual time

~ decisions/technology/system/ solutions/software/signal processing

ant. virtual time

R&D (abbr)

Research and Development

(related to) researching and developing new products or technologies

~ department/organization/ budget allocation

Recognition (n)

software ability to digitize real-life visual information

voice/speech/face/gesture/optical character ~;

recognize (v), (ir)recognizable (adj)

Remote (adj)

distant; in computing: about a device which can only be accessed via a network

~ from sth; ~ control/access/ terminal/ location/area/ administration tool/alarm sensor;

remoteness (n), remotely (adv)

syn. distant

ant. nearby, local

Robot (n)

a machine capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically, especially one programmable by a computer

build/construct/design/create/

control a ~; interactive/industrial ~; ~ control;

robotic (adj): ~ industry/ movement/mechanism/precision/

system; robotics (n): law of ~; ~ technology; robotize (v)

Cf. cobot

Smart (adj)

having or showing a quick-witted intelligence; any type of equipment, instrument, or machine that is programmed to be capable of some independent action

look ~; a ~ device/phone/home/ city/Aleck; smartly (adv), smartness (n);

syn. intelligent

ant. dumb

Social media

(n, pl.)

a catch-all term for a variety of Internet applications that allow users to create content and interact with each other by sharing and commenting on links, photos, videos and posting public updates, etc.

use/support/develop/invent ~;

medium (n, sing): ~ of exchange/instruction; provide a ~ for sth; mediate (v), intermediate (adj), intermediary (n)

syn. civic media

Cf. SMM (social media marketing)

Tele- (prf)

far off; to or at a distance

~vision/phone/transportation/ kinesis/commuting/communication/ marketing

syn. remote, distant

Tolerant (adj)

(of a plant, animal, or machine) able to endure specified conditions or treatment

failure/fault~; ~ of pollution/high temperature; fault~ data protection/technology;

toleration (n), (in)tolerance (n), (in)tolerantly (adv);

ant. intolerant

Viral (adj, n)

(of an image, video, piece of information, etc.) circulated rapidly and widely from one Internet user to another

a ~ advertising campaign/marketing; go ~; viral (n): the rise of ~s;

virally (adv)

1. quantum programming

2. agile

3. accelerate

4. synchronous

5. integrated

6. real time

7. remote

8. tolerant

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

multiple

modify

recognition

in/tolerantly

amplify

intelligent

robot

Noun

Target vocabulary unit

-proof

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

nano-

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

remote

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

tele-

1. waterfall

A. a business management and corporate culture model based on the ability to adapt quickly to changing conditions

2. insourcing

B. the underlying set of facts, assumptions, and rules which a computer system has available to solve a problem

3. adhocracy

C. characterized by sequential stages and a fixed plan of work

4. knowledge base

D. separating the IS department from the enterprise, usually as a business unit measured by its own profit and loss

5. tolerant

E. circulated rapidly and widely from one Internet user to another

6. viral

F. able to endure specified conditions or treatment

7 7. agile

G. characterized by flexibility and pragmatism, adjusting development to customer needs and goals

Concepts

Type of logical relations

1. cobot – robot

a. general and specific

2. cutting-edge – state-of-the-art

b. cause and effect

3. water-proof - water-resistant

c. contrast

4. smart – dumb

d. method and purpose

5. remote access – telecommuting

e. part and whole

6. breakthroughs – smarter devices

f. equivalence

7. agile – flexible

quantum programming- binary programming

bricks and clicks

outsourcing – insourcing

commuting – telecommuting

3D printing – 4D printing

cutting edge – bleeding edge

R & D (research and development)

1. life-hacking

2. nanotechnology

3. cloud computing

4. beta testing

5. biometrics

6. a fool-proof device

7. open source

1. multi-purpose

2. multi-mode

3. multi-user

4. multi-functional

5. multi-media

6. fault-tolerant

7. ad hoc

1. channel integration

2. biometric identification

3. cloud storage

4. cobotic devices

5. asynchronous computing

6. beta testing

7. optical character recognition

1

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “bricks - clicks”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) contrast d) part and whole

2

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “robot - cobot”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose d) part and whole

3

Which of these are equivalents?

a) biometrics – fingerprint b) biometrics – eye retina c) biometrics – biometry d) biometrics - face pattern

4

Which of these relates to a method of project management that is characterized by sequential stages and a fixed plan of work:

a) waterfall b) flexible c) agile d) ad hoc

5

The practice of using an organization’s own personnel or other resources to accomplish a task is referred to as ___ .

a) outsourcing b) insourcing c) sourcing d) open sourcing

6

The use of an original source code in software engineering which is made freely available and may be redistributed and modified is referred to ___.

a) outsourcing b) insourcing c) sourcing d) open sourcing

7

Additive manufacturing that prints objects capable of transformation and, in some cases, of self-assembly is known as ___ D printing. a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

8

This program is very well designed and totally ___proof.

a) water b) bug c) fool d) bullet

9

This car has ___ proof windows. a) water b) bug c) fool d) bullet

10

The supposed ability to move objects at a distance by mental power or other non-physical means is known as tele___ .

a) kinesis b) commuting c) communication d) marketing

11

Promotion of goods or services by means of telephone calls, typically unsolicited, to potential customers is known as tele-___ .

a) kinesis b) commuting c) communication d) marketing

12

Mark the odd word:

a) cutting-edge b) state-of-the-art c) adhocracy d) leading edge

13

The property that enables a system to continue operating properly in the event of the breakdown of some of its components is called failure__.

a) tolerant b) tolerance c) toleration d) tolerantly

14

Any trick, shortcut, skill, or novelty method that increases productivity and efficiency, solves an everyday problem in an inspired, ingenious manner is called (a/n) ___ . a) breakthrough b) life hacker c) innovation d) best practice

15

The video went ___ and was seen by millions. a) virus b) viral c) virtual d) virtuous

16

Mark the odd word: a) enhance b) augment c) amplify d) modify

17

A strategy of using software to control multiple servers to provide fault-tolerant systems, quicker responses and more capable data management for large networks is known as application ___.

a) clustering b) integration c) outsourcing d) amplification

18

The second (pre-release) phase of software testing in which a sampling of the intended audience tries the product out and reports bugs back to the developers is called ____ test. a) alpha b) beta c) gamma d) delta

19

The nouns “control”, “access”, “terminal”, “location”, “area” collocate with the word ____ . a) demote b) remote c) promote d) commote

20

Voice ___ is computer analysis of the human voice, especially for the purposes of interpreting words and phrases or identifying an individual voice.

a) identification b) acknowledgement c) recognition d) perception