- •Focus on world politics
- •«Focus on World Politics»
- •2. What is global politics?
- •Increased interdependence and interconnectedness
- •5. Globalisation and its implications
- •2. Economic nationalism
- •3. Economic internationalism
- •2. The international and internal
- •2. The changing nature of world power
- •3. Post-cold war global order.
- •4. A multipolar global order. The rise of multipolarity
- •2. From ‘old’ wars to ‘new’ wars
- •3. Justifying war
- •2. Arms control and anti-proliferation strategies
- •2. Rise of new terrorism
- •3. Countering terrorism
- •1. The nature of human rights
- •3. Implications of human rights for global politics
- •4. Protecting human rights
- •5. Rise of humanitarian intervention
- •6. Humanitarian intervention and the ‘new world order’
- •1. Rise of international organization
- •3. The growth of igOs
- •4. Reasons for growth
- •1. The origins and evolution of the european union
- •2. The government of europe: a prototype
- •3. The future of the eu
- •In addition to its nearly universal membership, the United Nations is also a multipurpose organization. As Article 1 of the United Nations Charter states, its objectives are to:
- •1. From the league to the un
- •2. How does the un work
- •3. Future of the un: challenges and reform
- •2. The world bank
- •3. The world trade organization
- •1. Regionalism and its main forms
- •2. Regionalism and globalisation
- •3. Regional integration outside europe
- •2. The diplomatic setting
- •3. Modern diplomacy
Focus on world politics
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение
высшего образования
«Московский государственный лингвистический университет»
(ФГБОУ ВО МГЛУ)
Харламова Н.С.
Учебное пособие по обучению чтению
иноязычной профессионально ориентированной
литературы
Автор: Н.С. Харламова
Название: Учебное пособие по обучению
чтению иноязычной профессионально
ориентированной литературы
«Focus on World Politics»
Предназначено для магистрантов,
обучающихся по направлениям
подготовки «Международные отношения»
и «Политология»
Москва 2016
Предисловие
Данное пособие предназначено для магистрантов, обучающихся по направлениям подготовки «международные отношения» и «политология».
В данном контексте чтение является не только целью обучения, но и приобретает новую функцию. Оно становится средством овладения профессиональными знаниями, что позволяет иностранным языкам логично интегрировать в профессиональную подготовку.
Пособие составлено на базе аутентичных материалов по тематике актуальной для обозначенного этапа обучения иностранными языками и включенного в программу по дисциплине «Иностранный язык в сфере профессионального общения». Предполагается развитие компетенций, направленных на овладение стратегией чтения (рационального сочетания, ознакомительного и изучающего видов чтения). К ключевым компетенциям относятся: выделение фактов (мыслей), их организация, обобщение отдельных фактов, интерпретация и оценка прочитанного. На основании данного пособия можно выполнять дополнительные задания: эссе, устные сообщения, презентации.
CHAPTER 1. GLOBAL POLITICS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS |
7 |
1. Investigating world politics from different levels of analysis |
7 |
2. What is global politics? |
8 |
3. What is IR? |
10 |
4. From international politics to global politics - The state and new global actors - Increased interdependence and interconnectedness - From international anarchy to global governance
|
14 |
5. Globalisation and its implications - Explaining globalisation - Approaches to globalisation
|
18 |
|
|
CHAPTER 2. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY (IPE) |
27 |
1. Theories of IPE |
27 |
2. Economic nationalism |
28 |
3. Economic internationalism |
29 |
4. Economic structuralism |
31 |
|
|
CHAPTER 3.THE STATE AND FOREIGN POLICY |
37 |
1. The emergence of the modern state system |
37 |
2. The international and internal determinants of states’ foreign policy behavior - Geopolitics - Military capabilities - Economic characteristics - Type of government
|
38 |
|
|
CHAPTER 4. POWER AND TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY WORLD ORDER |
54 |
1. Power and global politics |
54 |
2. The changing nature of world power |
55 |
3. Post-cold war global order. The end of bipolarity |
56 |
4. A multipolar global order. The rise of multipolarity |
60 |
|
|
CHAPTER 5.NATURE OF WAR |
67 |
1. Defining war - Types of war - War as a continuation of politics |
67 |
2. From ‘old’ wars to ‘new’ wars |
71 |
3. Justifying war - Realpolitik - Just war theory |
75 |
|
|
CHAPTER 6. NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION AND DISARMAMENT |
84 |
1. Nature of nuclear weapons |
84 |
2. Arms control and anti-proliferation strategies |
85 |
CHAPTER 7.TERRORISM |
93 |
1. Defining terrorism |
93 |
2. Rise of ‘new’ terrorism |
96 |
3. Countering terrorism - Strengthening state security - Military repression - Political deals |
98 |
|
|
CHAPTER 8. HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION |
105 |
1. The nature of human rights |
105 |
2. Defining human rights |
109 |
3. Implications of human rights for global politics |
111 |
4. Protecting human rights |
112 |
5. Rise of humanitarian intervention |
114 |
6. Humanitarian intervention and the ‘new world order’ |
115 |
|
|
CHAPTER 9. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION |
121 |
1. Rise of international organizations |
122 |
2. The origins of IGOs |
124 |
3. The growth of IGOs |
126 |
4. Reasons for growth |
127 |
|
|
CHAPTER 10. REGIONAL IGOs: FOCUS ON THE EUROPEAN UNION |
132 |
1. The origins and evolution of the European Union |
132 |
2. The government of Europe: a prototype |
135 |
3. The future of the European Union |
138 |
CHAPTER 11. THE UNITED NATIONS |
147 |
1. From the League to the UN |
148 |
2. How does the UN work? |
151 |
3. Future of the UN: challenges and reform |
152 |
|
|
CHAPTER 12. EVALUATING GLOBAL ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE |
158 |
1. The International Monetary Fund |
158 |
2. The World Bank |
160 |
3. The World Trade Organization |
162 |
|
|
CHAPTER 13. REGIONALISM AND GLOBAL POLITICS |
168 |
1. Regionalism and its main forms |
168 |
2. Regionalism and globalisation |
173 |
3. Regional integration outside Europe |
176 |
|
|
CHAPTER 14. DIPLOMACY |
183 |
1. The nature of diplomacy. Roles that diplomats play |
183 |
2. The diplomatic setting |
185 |
3. Modern diplomacy |
190 |
CHAPTER 1.GLOBAL POLITICS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
1. Investigating world politics from different levels of analysis
2. What is global politics?
3. What is IR?
4. From international politics to global politics
- The state and new global actors
- Increased interdependence and interconnectedness
- From international anarchy to global governance
5. Globalisation and its implications
- Explaining globalisation
- Approaches to globalisation
1. INVESTIGATING WORLD POLITICS
FROM DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ANALYSIS
Many international-relations scholars agree that world politics can best be understood by focusing on one (or more) of three levels. Known as levels of analysis, this classification distinguishes:
• individuals,
• states or other world political actors
• the entire global system.
The individual level of analysis refers to the personal characteristics of humans, including average citizens whose behavior has important political consequences and those responsible for making important decisions on behalf of state and nonstate actors. Here, for example, we may properly locate the impact of individuals’ images on their political attitudes, beliefs, and behavior; and explore the question of why each human being is a crucial part of the global drama, and why the study of world politics is relevant to our lives and future.
The state level of analysis consists of the authoritative decision-making units that govern states’ foreign policy processes and the internal attributes of those states (e.g., their type of government, level of economic and military power, and number of nationality groups), that both shape and constrain leaders’ foreign policy choices. The processes by which states make decisions regarding war and peace and their capabilities for carrying out their decisions, for instance, fall within the state level of analysis.
The global level of analysis refers to interactions of states and nonstate global actors whose behaviors ultimately shape the international political system and the levels of conflict and cooperation that characterize world politics. The capacity of rich states to dictate the choices of poor states properly falls within the global level of analysis. So does the capacity (or incapacity) of the United Nations to maintain peace.
Examples abound of the diverse ways in which global trends and issues are the product of influences that originate at each level of analysis. Protectionist trade policies by an importing country, to make one illustration, increase the costs to consumers of clothing and cars and reduce the standard of living of citizens in the manufacturing states. Such policies are initiated by a state government (national level), but diminish the quality of life of people living both within the protectionist country and those living abroad (individual level), and reduce the level of global trade while threatening to precipitate retaliatory trade wars. Similarly, many international events need to take account of factors at each level if their causes and consequences are to be adequately understood. Of course, for some developments and issues, factors and forces emanating primarily from one or two particular levels provide more analytical leverage than do those at the other(s). Accordingly, as we confront specific global issues in subsequent chapters, we will emphasize those levels of analysis that provide the best lens for viewing them. In the next section, we outline the path to discovery that World Politics will pursue.