- •Types of engines практикум
- •Передмова
- •Contents
- •Unit 1 the creation of steam engines
- •2. Discuss the following questions with a partner.
- •3. Read the text and find the expressions which mean:
- •The creation of steam engines
- •4. Match the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •5. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •6. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •7. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- •8. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Choose the correct preposition.
- •Read the passage about the steam engine history and choose the correct word.
- •Listen to the text about the Steam Engine invention and tell your group mates what inventors are mentioned in the text.
- •Think of the endings of these sentences, then listen and check.
- •13. Discuss in pairs the meaning of the following phrases in relation to the information from the text:
- •Unit 2 steam engines: developments of the industrial revolution
- •Think of as many words as possible related to the topic “Development of steam engines”. How important were steam engines in the industrial revolution?
- •Study the diagram of James Watt’s pumping engine. How did the separate condenser which he had added to the earlier design make the steam engine more effective?
- •3. Read the text and decide whether the statements that follow are true or false. Steam engines: developments of the industrial revolution
- •4. Match the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •5. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •6. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •7. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- •8. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Choose the correct preposition.
- •Read the passage about steam locomotives and traction engines and open the brackets.
- •11. Listen to the text about Watt Engine and compare it with the information from the text. What new facts have you known?
- •12. Define true and false sentences. Then listen and check.
- •13. Explain while answering the questions. Why:
- •Work in pairs. Discuss and list some problems early steam engines might have caused. Make your problem list and share it with your group. Support your ideas. Use the following phrases.
- •Translate the following passage about Thomas Savery’s and Denis Papin’s steam machines from Ukrainian into English.
- •Unit 3 modern high-pressure steam engines
- •Where are steam engines used today? Why is their use restricted mainly by atomic power plants and thermo-electric power stations?
- •3. Read the text and match the sentences (a-c) to the numbered spaces (1-3) in the text.
- •Modern high-pressure steam engines
- •4. Match the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •5. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •6. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •7. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- •8. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Choose the correct preposition.
- •Read the passage about the components of steam engines and choose the correct word.
- •11. Listen to the text and chose the statement which was not mentioned in the text:
- •12. Listen to the text and insert the missing words.
- •13. Comment on the following statements if you agree or disagree:
- •Webquest. Search the Web for the information on steam cars or steam locomotives in modern times. Write a review (200-250 words) about these technologies. Consider the following points:
- •Translate the following passage about the first compound steam engine built by the British engineer and inventor Arthur Woolf from Ukrainian into English.
- •Internal-combustion engines
- •1. Work with a partner to discuss the following.
- •3. Read the text and match the questions (a-e) to the paragraphs (1-5).
- •Internal-combustion engines
- •4. Match the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •5. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •6. Match the English words and phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •7. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- •8. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Choose the correct preposition.
- •Read the passage about internal combustion engine and choose the correct word.
- •11. Listen to the text and tell your groupmates what type of engine it is about.
- •12. Listen once more and choose the right word.
- •13. Comment on the following points:
- •Translate the following passage about internal combustion engine from Ukrainian into English.
- •Look at the diagram and try to explain how the open-cycle constant-pressure gas-turbine engine works.
- •Read the text and answer the questions that follow.
- •4. Match the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •5. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •6. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •7. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- •8. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Choose the correct preposition.
- •Read the passage about gas turbine and open the brackets.
- •11. Listen to the text about the turbine and tell what the text is about:
- •12. Listen to the text once more and insert the necessary word.
- •13. Answer the questions.
- •14. Work in groups a, b, c, and d. Each group will read the information on the different types of a gas turbine engine. Listen and complete the chart about these engine, then compare them.
- •Work in a group. Read the text and discuss the difference between the turbo engine and reciprocating engine. See Appendix a (p. 99). Discuss:
- •You are going to take a part at a scientific conference. You have to make a report (200-250 words) about modern gas turbine engine. Your report should include the following points:
- •Webquest. Find the information about the modern gas turbine application in different areas: industry, transportation, energy supplement, space exploration etc.
- •Translate the following passage about gas turbine from Ukrainian into English:
- •Communication activities unit 1
- •Time line of steam engine invention.
- •Text 1 Steam Power and the Industrial Revolution: 1760-1840
- •Text 2 Modern Steam
- •Internal combustion engine invention impact
- •Suggested Solutions
- •Advantages of gas turbine engines
- •Disadvantages of gas turbine engines
- •Audioscripts unit 1 The Steam Engine
- •Unit 2 The Watt engine.
- •Unit 3 Modern steam engines
- •Unit 4 Diesel Engine
- •Unit 5 Avery’s Turbine
- •References
Read the passage about the steam engine history and choose the correct word.
The history of the steam engine stretches / stretched back as far as the first century AD; the first recording / recorded rudimentary steam engine was / being the aeolipile was described / described by Greek mathematician Hero of Alexandria. In the following centuries, the few steam powered / powering "engines", like the aeolipile, were / are essentially experimental devices using / used by inventors to demonstrate / demonstrated the properties of steam.
A rudimentary steam turbine device was described / described by Taqi al-Din in 1551 and by Giovanni Branca in 1629. Jerónimo de Ayanz Beaumont received / was received patents in 1606 for fifty steam powering / powered inventions, included / including a water pump for draining inundated / inundating mines.
Since the early 18th century, steam power has been applied / had been applied to a variety of practical uses. At first it applied / was applied to reciprocating / reciprocated pumps, but from the 1780s rotative engines began appear / to appear, driven / driving factory machinery such as spinning mules and power looms. At the turn of the 19th century, steam powering / powered transport on both sea and land began to make / make its appearance becoming / became ever more dominant as the century progressed / progressing.
LISTENING
Listen to the text about the Steam Engine invention and tell your group mates what inventors are mentioned in the text.
Think of the endings of these sentences, then listen and check.
The steam engine was the first machine to convert burning fuel into …..
The first steam engines were powered by wood, and later ones by …..
It was at the heart of the first form of high-speed mechanized transportation …..
Newcomen's device was also used primarily to pump …..
Watt’s machine was vastly more efficient than were previous devices, chiefly because of its separate …..
Watt added other improvements, such as …..
Watt also designed a system of gears that translated the up-and-down motion of the steam-driven piston into …..
Steam-powered railroad trains played a huge role in …..
It is tempting to think of the car or the airplane as among the …..
In 1698 English engineer Thomas Savery developed a …..
Watt’s machine was patented in …..
Steam engine freed factories from their dependence on …..
13. Discuss in pairs the meaning of the following phrases in relation to the information from the text:
– the most important inventions of the millennium;
– evolutionary refinements of the steam engine;
– limitations of people’s own muscles;
– the heart of the first form of high-speed mechanized transportation;
– useful in driving machinery;
– dependence on water power;
– the expansion of the British Empire;
– Industrial Revolution;
– to stand on the shoulders of the steam engine.
SPEAKING
14. The early examples of steam engine application were notified from the 1st century and it was developed till 18th century (See Appendix A, p. 78). Discuss the most important invention or improvement of a steam engine which took place at that time. Share your opinion with your group. Support your points. Use the following phrases.
- In my opinion, …
- As far as I am concerned, probable / improbable …
- In fact, very true.
- I should say that, quite correct / incorrect.
- To tell the truth . . . entirely feasible.
- I rather think that … perfectly possible / impossible.
- I must say that, certain / uncertain …
- I dont think that, necessary / unnecessary …
- I suppose that, …
- As a matter of fact, …
In Appendix A (p. 81) you can find a poster with information on the environmental impact of a steam engine. Discuss the information and share your opinion with the group. Your discussion should include the following points:
– the source of power;
– problem of excessive heat;
– steam engine application;
– if the steam engine environmentally friendly or not.
Use the following phrases.
- The steam engine gets inputs from …
- It provides power to …
- Machines convert expanding steam into …
- Excess or vented steam can also be used to …
- It is designed to function as …
- It is proved to be a …
- It causes a …
- It is considered to be a …
- The electricity obtained from …
- It is the solution for …
Work in pairs. Discuss the risks, advantages, disadvantages, application, possibilities, environmental audit, operation, and maintenance of a steam engine. Then compare your ideas with the rest of the class. Justify your opinion. Use the words and phrases in the box below.
- expanding steam - turbine
- electric generators - piston
- heat energy - furnace
- rotary motion - boiler
- reciprocating motion - wheel
- compound engine - crankshaft
WRITING
You are writing a short dictionary for students of technical universities. Your chapter is about a steam engine. Write the definition of the following terms:
– flywheel;
– drive shaft;
– bump valve or bash valve;
– bump pin;
– valve case;
– valve seat;
– exhaust plenum;
– piston ring;
– bore;
– cylinder liner or sleeve.
Webquest. You are going to learn about the development of the steam engine and its influence on the transportation. Write a review (200-250 words) about it. The following information should be included:
- What transport used the steam engine?
- How does the steam locomotive work?
- How fast was the fastest steam locomotive?
- Who invented the steam locomotive?
- How did the changes in transportation affect the economy and industry?
Translate the following passage about a steam machine from Ukrainian into English.
Парова́ маши́на – тепловий поршневий двигун зовнішнього згоряння, в якому потенціальна енергія водяної пари, котра надходить під тиском з парового котла, перетворюється у механічну роботу при зворотно-поступальному русі поршня, який через механічні ланки надає обертального руху вихідному валу. У ширшому розумінні, парова машина – будь-який тепловий двигун, який перетворює енергію пари у механічну роботу.
За призначенням парові машини поділяються на стаціонарні і нестаціонарні (пересувні і транспортні). За робочим тиском пари, що використовується – на парові машини низького тиску (до 12 ат), середнього тиску (до 60 ат) і високого тиску (понад 60 ат).
Парова машина була винайдена у XVIII ст., коли основний недолік гідросилових установок – залежність від місця розташування джерел гідравлічної енергії, що був несуттєвим при будівництві зернових млинів, почав сильно перешкоджати розвитку металургійних підприємств, головним чином через неможливість застосувати водяні колеса для відкачування води з копалень, віддалених від джерел водної енергії. Можливість перевезення палива зробила тепловий двигун незалежним від місця розташування джерела енергії і дозволила вирішувати задачу водовідливу у копальнях, в результаті чого перші паросилові насосні установки з'явилися саме там.