- •Types of engines практикум
- •Передмова
- •Contents
- •Unit 1 the creation of steam engines
- •2. Discuss the following questions with a partner.
- •3. Read the text and find the expressions which mean:
- •The creation of steam engines
- •4. Match the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •5. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •6. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •7. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- •8. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Choose the correct preposition.
- •Read the passage about the steam engine history and choose the correct word.
- •Listen to the text about the Steam Engine invention and tell your group mates what inventors are mentioned in the text.
- •Think of the endings of these sentences, then listen and check.
- •13. Discuss in pairs the meaning of the following phrases in relation to the information from the text:
- •Unit 2 steam engines: developments of the industrial revolution
- •Think of as many words as possible related to the topic “Development of steam engines”. How important were steam engines in the industrial revolution?
- •Study the diagram of James Watt’s pumping engine. How did the separate condenser which he had added to the earlier design make the steam engine more effective?
- •3. Read the text and decide whether the statements that follow are true or false. Steam engines: developments of the industrial revolution
- •4. Match the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •5. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •6. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •7. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- •8. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Choose the correct preposition.
- •Read the passage about steam locomotives and traction engines and open the brackets.
- •11. Listen to the text about Watt Engine and compare it with the information from the text. What new facts have you known?
- •12. Define true and false sentences. Then listen and check.
- •13. Explain while answering the questions. Why:
- •Work in pairs. Discuss and list some problems early steam engines might have caused. Make your problem list and share it with your group. Support your ideas. Use the following phrases.
- •Translate the following passage about Thomas Savery’s and Denis Papin’s steam machines from Ukrainian into English.
- •Unit 3 modern high-pressure steam engines
- •Where are steam engines used today? Why is their use restricted mainly by atomic power plants and thermo-electric power stations?
- •3. Read the text and match the sentences (a-c) to the numbered spaces (1-3) in the text.
- •Modern high-pressure steam engines
- •4. Match the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •5. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •6. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •7. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- •8. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Choose the correct preposition.
- •Read the passage about the components of steam engines and choose the correct word.
- •11. Listen to the text and chose the statement which was not mentioned in the text:
- •12. Listen to the text and insert the missing words.
- •13. Comment on the following statements if you agree or disagree:
- •Webquest. Search the Web for the information on steam cars or steam locomotives in modern times. Write a review (200-250 words) about these technologies. Consider the following points:
- •Translate the following passage about the first compound steam engine built by the British engineer and inventor Arthur Woolf from Ukrainian into English.
- •Internal-combustion engines
- •1. Work with a partner to discuss the following.
- •3. Read the text and match the questions (a-e) to the paragraphs (1-5).
- •Internal-combustion engines
- •4. Match the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •5. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •6. Match the English words and phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •7. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- •8. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Choose the correct preposition.
- •Read the passage about internal combustion engine and choose the correct word.
- •11. Listen to the text and tell your groupmates what type of engine it is about.
- •12. Listen once more and choose the right word.
- •13. Comment on the following points:
- •Translate the following passage about internal combustion engine from Ukrainian into English.
- •Look at the diagram and try to explain how the open-cycle constant-pressure gas-turbine engine works.
- •Read the text and answer the questions that follow.
- •4. Match the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •5. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •6. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •7. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- •8. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Choose the correct preposition.
- •Read the passage about gas turbine and open the brackets.
- •11. Listen to the text about the turbine and tell what the text is about:
- •12. Listen to the text once more and insert the necessary word.
- •13. Answer the questions.
- •14. Work in groups a, b, c, and d. Each group will read the information on the different types of a gas turbine engine. Listen and complete the chart about these engine, then compare them.
- •Work in a group. Read the text and discuss the difference between the turbo engine and reciprocating engine. See Appendix a (p. 99). Discuss:
- •You are going to take a part at a scientific conference. You have to make a report (200-250 words) about modern gas turbine engine. Your report should include the following points:
- •Webquest. Find the information about the modern gas turbine application in different areas: industry, transportation, energy supplement, space exploration etc.
- •Translate the following passage about gas turbine from Ukrainian into English:
- •Communication activities unit 1
- •Time line of steam engine invention.
- •Text 1 Steam Power and the Industrial Revolution: 1760-1840
- •Text 2 Modern Steam
- •Internal combustion engine invention impact
- •Suggested Solutions
- •Advantages of gas turbine engines
- •Disadvantages of gas turbine engines
- •Audioscripts unit 1 The Steam Engine
- •Unit 2 The Watt engine.
- •Unit 3 Modern steam engines
- •Unit 4 Diesel Engine
- •Unit 5 Avery’s Turbine
- •References
Read the passage about gas turbine and open the brackets.
A gas turbine _______ (to call) a gas turbine because it _______ (to compress) a gas, usually air. There are three stages to a turbine: 1) air _______ (to draw) through a compressor where the temperature _______ (to rise) due to compression, 2) fuel _______ (to add) in the combuster, and 3) hot air _______ (to exhaust) through turbines blades which _______ (to rotate) a shaft _______ (to connect) to the compressor.
A gas turbine is a rotary machine similar in principle to a steam turbine and it ______ (to consist) of three main components: a compressor, a combustion chamber, and a turbine. The air, after _______ (to compress) in the compressor, _______ (to heat) by _______ (to burn) fuel in it. About ⅔ of the _______ (to heat) air, _______ (to combine) with the products of combustion, _______ (to expand) in a turbine, _______ (to produce) work output that _______ (to drive) the compressor. The rest (about ⅓) is available as useful work output.
The jet engine _______ (to take) a large volume of hot gas from a combustion process (typically a gas turbine, but rocket forms of jet propulsion often _______ (to use) solid or liquid propellants, and ramjet forms also lack the gas turbine) and _______ (to feed) it through a nozzle that _______ (to accelerate) the jet to high speed. As the jet _______ (to accelerate) through the nozzle, this _______ (to create) thrust and in turn _______ (to do) useful work.
LISTENING
11. Listen to the text about the turbine and tell what the text is about:
– modern application;
– history;
– development;
– advantages;
– manufacturing.
12. Listen to the text once more and insert the necessary word.
In 1831 William Avery and his friend were granted a patent for a _______ device very similar to one of those ancient Egyptian toys. Jets of steam, emitted from either end of a whirling propeller-like _______, drove it. By that time, Watt and others had already tried and failed at creating _______ steam-driven machines. And the French had just begun developing the water _______ Modern steam turbines don't work the same way as Avery's. They direct steam through a succession of _______ . Each stage removes energy and reduces the steam _______ . The _______ of those blades gets very complex.
In Avery’s turbine, steam flowed from the hub out through the _______ where it escaped as a driving jet. The tips approached the speed of _______ and, when one of Avery's cast iron rotors failed, its fragments tore through three floors of a building.
13. Answer the questions.
1. What are the sources of power now?
2. What is at the base of a dam?
3. How are turbines driven?
4. How do modern turbines work?
5. How did Avery’s turbine work?
6. What did Avery use to get power out at useful speeds?
7. What other devices did he invent?
8. Why was the turbine the natural mate to the generator?
9. Why is Parson considered to be the inventor of the turbines?
10. What are turbines used for?
SPEAKING