- •Types of engines практикум
- •Передмова
- •Contents
- •Unit 1 the creation of steam engines
- •2. Discuss the following questions with a partner.
- •3. Read the text and find the expressions which mean:
- •The creation of steam engines
- •4. Match the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •5. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •6. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •7. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- •8. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Choose the correct preposition.
- •Read the passage about the steam engine history and choose the correct word.
- •Listen to the text about the Steam Engine invention and tell your group mates what inventors are mentioned in the text.
- •Think of the endings of these sentences, then listen and check.
- •13. Discuss in pairs the meaning of the following phrases in relation to the information from the text:
- •Unit 2 steam engines: developments of the industrial revolution
- •Think of as many words as possible related to the topic “Development of steam engines”. How important were steam engines in the industrial revolution?
- •Study the diagram of James Watt’s pumping engine. How did the separate condenser which he had added to the earlier design make the steam engine more effective?
- •3. Read the text and decide whether the statements that follow are true or false. Steam engines: developments of the industrial revolution
- •4. Match the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •5. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •6. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •7. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- •8. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Choose the correct preposition.
- •Read the passage about steam locomotives and traction engines and open the brackets.
- •11. Listen to the text about Watt Engine and compare it with the information from the text. What new facts have you known?
- •12. Define true and false sentences. Then listen and check.
- •13. Explain while answering the questions. Why:
- •Work in pairs. Discuss and list some problems early steam engines might have caused. Make your problem list and share it with your group. Support your ideas. Use the following phrases.
- •Translate the following passage about Thomas Savery’s and Denis Papin’s steam machines from Ukrainian into English.
- •Unit 3 modern high-pressure steam engines
- •Where are steam engines used today? Why is their use restricted mainly by atomic power plants and thermo-electric power stations?
- •3. Read the text and match the sentences (a-c) to the numbered spaces (1-3) in the text.
- •Modern high-pressure steam engines
- •4. Match the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •5. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •6. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •7. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- •8. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Choose the correct preposition.
- •Read the passage about the components of steam engines and choose the correct word.
- •11. Listen to the text and chose the statement which was not mentioned in the text:
- •12. Listen to the text and insert the missing words.
- •13. Comment on the following statements if you agree or disagree:
- •Webquest. Search the Web for the information on steam cars or steam locomotives in modern times. Write a review (200-250 words) about these technologies. Consider the following points:
- •Translate the following passage about the first compound steam engine built by the British engineer and inventor Arthur Woolf from Ukrainian into English.
- •Internal-combustion engines
- •1. Work with a partner to discuss the following.
- •3. Read the text and match the questions (a-e) to the paragraphs (1-5).
- •Internal-combustion engines
- •4. Match the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •5. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •6. Match the English words and phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •7. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- •8. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Choose the correct preposition.
- •Read the passage about internal combustion engine and choose the correct word.
- •11. Listen to the text and tell your groupmates what type of engine it is about.
- •12. Listen once more and choose the right word.
- •13. Comment on the following points:
- •Translate the following passage about internal combustion engine from Ukrainian into English.
- •Look at the diagram and try to explain how the open-cycle constant-pressure gas-turbine engine works.
- •Read the text and answer the questions that follow.
- •4. Match the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •5. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •6. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •7. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- •8. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Choose the correct preposition.
- •Read the passage about gas turbine and open the brackets.
- •11. Listen to the text about the turbine and tell what the text is about:
- •12. Listen to the text once more and insert the necessary word.
- •13. Answer the questions.
- •14. Work in groups a, b, c, and d. Each group will read the information on the different types of a gas turbine engine. Listen and complete the chart about these engine, then compare them.
- •Work in a group. Read the text and discuss the difference between the turbo engine and reciprocating engine. See Appendix a (p. 99). Discuss:
- •You are going to take a part at a scientific conference. You have to make a report (200-250 words) about modern gas turbine engine. Your report should include the following points:
- •Webquest. Find the information about the modern gas turbine application in different areas: industry, transportation, energy supplement, space exploration etc.
- •Translate the following passage about gas turbine from Ukrainian into English:
- •Communication activities unit 1
- •Time line of steam engine invention.
- •Text 1 Steam Power and the Industrial Revolution: 1760-1840
- •Text 2 Modern Steam
- •Internal combustion engine invention impact
- •Suggested Solutions
- •Advantages of gas turbine engines
- •Disadvantages of gas turbine engines
- •Audioscripts unit 1 The Steam Engine
- •Unit 2 The Watt engine.
- •Unit 3 Modern steam engines
- •Unit 4 Diesel Engine
- •Unit 5 Avery’s Turbine
- •References
4. Match the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases. Translate them into Ukrainian.
Column A Column B
1) gas a) output
2) diesel b) device
3) combined c) operation
4) steam d) arrangement
5) natural e) propulsion
6) continuous f) temperature
7) protective g) oil
8) airplane h) turbine
9) combustion i) coating
10) auxiliary j) chamber
11) cooling k) gas
12) high l) generator
5. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
atmospheric, resistant, gas, shaft, turbine, output, plant, duty, generator, engine, generation, efficiency
1) simple-cycle ….. turbine
2) low thermodynamic …..
3) conventional gasoline …..
4) to produce ….. power
5) combined-cycle power …..
6) heat-….. materials
7) modified form of gas …..
8) heat-recovery steam …..
9) large-scale ….. of electricity
10) heavy-….. gas turbines
11) combined-cycle …..
12) local ….. pressure
6. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents.
Types of turbines
1) two-shaft turbine a) турбіна подвійного тиску
2) mixed-pressure turbine b) допоміжна турбіна
3) steam turbine c) стаціонарна турбіна
4) auxiliary turbine d) активна турбіна
5) reaction turbine e) осьова турбіна
6) simple turbine f) однофазна турбіна
7) hydraulic turbine g) багатофазна турбіна
8) axial flow turbine h) двох вальна турбіна
9) wet-steam turbine i) парова турбіна
10) impulse turbine j) гідравлічна турбіна
11) stationary turbine k) турбіна насиченого пару
12) multistage turbine l) реактивна турбіна
7. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
1) fluid a) strain
2) stress b) assembly
3) stream c) advancement
4) output d) covering
5) exit e) substance
6) arrangement f) part
7) propulsion g) flow
8) coating h) liquid
9) excess i) outlet
10) component j) surplus
11) unit k) production
12) material l) assembling
8. Match the words with their definitions.
compressor, unit, stress, coating, power, nozzle, material, generator, propeller, stream, propulsion, chamber
1. A short tube fitted to the end of a hose, pipe, etc., to direct and control the stream of liquid or gas pouring out.
2. Force of weight caused by pressure.
3. A machine which generates something, especially electricity.
4. The force that drives forward something, especially a vehicle.
5. An ability to have physical effect; force, strength.
6. Anything from which something is made; natural or man-made substance.
7. Something flowing or moving forwards continuously.
8. An enclosed space in a machine.
9. A part of a machine, for compressing gas or air.
10. An apparatus for producing movement in a ship or aircraft, consisting of two or more blades fixed to a central bar that is turned at high speed by an engine.
11. A piece of equipment which can be fitted with others of the same type.
12. A covering on or over a surface.
Choose the correct preposition.
Internal combustion engines such as reciprocating internal combustion engines produce air pollution emissions, due to / for incomplete combustion of / from carbonaceous fuel. The main derivatives from / of the process are carbon dioxide CO 2, water and some soot — also called particulate matter (PM). The effects of / from inhaling particulate matter have been studied on / in humans and animals and include asthma, lung cancer, cardiovascular issues, and premature death. There are, however, some additional products of / for the combustion process that include nitrogen oxides and sulfur and some uncombusted hydrocarbons, depending on / in the operating conditions and the fuel-air ratio.
Not all of / from the fuel is completely consumed with / by the combustion process; a small amount off / of fuel is present after / before combustion, and some from / of it reacts to / for form oxygenates, such as formaldehyde or acetaldehyde, or hydrocarbons not originally present in / on the input fuel mixture. Incomplete combustion usually results for / from insufficient oxygen to achieve the perfect stoichiometric ratio. The flame is "quenched" with / by the relatively cool cylinder walls, leaving behind / in front of unreacted fuel that is expelled with / within the exhaust. When running at / near lower speeds, quenching is commonly observed in / on diesel (compression ignition) engines that run in / on natural gas.