- •Types of engines практикум
- •Передмова
- •Contents
- •Unit 1 the creation of steam engines
- •2. Discuss the following questions with a partner.
- •3. Read the text and find the expressions which mean:
- •The creation of steam engines
- •4. Match the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •5. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •6. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •7. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- •8. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Choose the correct preposition.
- •Read the passage about the steam engine history and choose the correct word.
- •Listen to the text about the Steam Engine invention and tell your group mates what inventors are mentioned in the text.
- •Think of the endings of these sentences, then listen and check.
- •13. Discuss in pairs the meaning of the following phrases in relation to the information from the text:
- •Unit 2 steam engines: developments of the industrial revolution
- •Think of as many words as possible related to the topic “Development of steam engines”. How important were steam engines in the industrial revolution?
- •Study the diagram of James Watt’s pumping engine. How did the separate condenser which he had added to the earlier design make the steam engine more effective?
- •3. Read the text and decide whether the statements that follow are true or false. Steam engines: developments of the industrial revolution
- •4. Match the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •5. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •6. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •7. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- •8. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Choose the correct preposition.
- •Read the passage about steam locomotives and traction engines and open the brackets.
- •11. Listen to the text about Watt Engine and compare it with the information from the text. What new facts have you known?
- •12. Define true and false sentences. Then listen and check.
- •13. Explain while answering the questions. Why:
- •Work in pairs. Discuss and list some problems early steam engines might have caused. Make your problem list and share it with your group. Support your ideas. Use the following phrases.
- •Translate the following passage about Thomas Savery’s and Denis Papin’s steam machines from Ukrainian into English.
- •Unit 3 modern high-pressure steam engines
- •Where are steam engines used today? Why is their use restricted mainly by atomic power plants and thermo-electric power stations?
- •3. Read the text and match the sentences (a-c) to the numbered spaces (1-3) in the text.
- •Modern high-pressure steam engines
- •4. Match the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •5. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •6. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •7. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- •8. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Choose the correct preposition.
- •Read the passage about the components of steam engines and choose the correct word.
- •11. Listen to the text and chose the statement which was not mentioned in the text:
- •12. Listen to the text and insert the missing words.
- •13. Comment on the following statements if you agree or disagree:
- •Webquest. Search the Web for the information on steam cars or steam locomotives in modern times. Write a review (200-250 words) about these technologies. Consider the following points:
- •Translate the following passage about the first compound steam engine built by the British engineer and inventor Arthur Woolf from Ukrainian into English.
- •Internal-combustion engines
- •1. Work with a partner to discuss the following.
- •3. Read the text and match the questions (a-e) to the paragraphs (1-5).
- •Internal-combustion engines
- •4. Match the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •5. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •6. Match the English words and phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •7. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- •8. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Choose the correct preposition.
- •Read the passage about internal combustion engine and choose the correct word.
- •11. Listen to the text and tell your groupmates what type of engine it is about.
- •12. Listen once more and choose the right word.
- •13. Comment on the following points:
- •Translate the following passage about internal combustion engine from Ukrainian into English.
- •Look at the diagram and try to explain how the open-cycle constant-pressure gas-turbine engine works.
- •Read the text and answer the questions that follow.
- •4. Match the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •5. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •6. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •7. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- •8. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Choose the correct preposition.
- •Read the passage about gas turbine and open the brackets.
- •11. Listen to the text about the turbine and tell what the text is about:
- •12. Listen to the text once more and insert the necessary word.
- •13. Answer the questions.
- •14. Work in groups a, b, c, and d. Each group will read the information on the different types of a gas turbine engine. Listen and complete the chart about these engine, then compare them.
- •Work in a group. Read the text and discuss the difference between the turbo engine and reciprocating engine. See Appendix a (p. 99). Discuss:
- •You are going to take a part at a scientific conference. You have to make a report (200-250 words) about modern gas turbine engine. Your report should include the following points:
- •Webquest. Find the information about the modern gas turbine application in different areas: industry, transportation, energy supplement, space exploration etc.
- •Translate the following passage about gas turbine from Ukrainian into English:
- •Communication activities unit 1
- •Time line of steam engine invention.
- •Text 1 Steam Power and the Industrial Revolution: 1760-1840
- •Text 2 Modern Steam
- •Internal combustion engine invention impact
- •Suggested Solutions
- •Advantages of gas turbine engines
- •Disadvantages of gas turbine engines
- •Audioscripts unit 1 The Steam Engine
- •Unit 2 The Watt engine.
- •Unit 3 Modern steam engines
- •Unit 4 Diesel Engine
- •Unit 5 Avery’s Turbine
- •References
Choose the correct preposition.
A power station's cooling tower produces clouds from / of the condensing water vapor due to / for evaporated cooling water. As with / within all heat engines, a considerable quantity of / from waste heat at / with relatively low temperature is produced and must be disposed of / off.
The simplest cold sink is to vent the steam to / for the environment. This is often used on / in steam locomotives, as the released steam is released in / into the chimney so as to increase the draw on / of the fire, which greatly increases engine power, but is inefficient.
Sometimes the waste heat is useful itself, and in / on those cases very high overall efficiency can be obtained. For / From example, combined heat and power (CHP) systems use the waste steam for / from district heating.
Where CHP is not used, steam turbines on / in power stations use surface condensers as a cold sink. The condensers are cooled by / with water flow from / of oceans, rivers, lakes, and often with / by cooling towers which evaporate water to provide cooling energy removal. The resulting condensed hot water output from / of the condenser is then put back into / to the boiler via a pump. A dry type cooling tower is similar to / for an automobile radiator and is used on / in locations where water is costly. Evaporative (wet) cooling towers use the rejected heat to evaporate water; this water is kept separate for / from the condensate, which circulates in / on a closed system and returns to / for the boiler.
Read the passage about the components of steam engines and choose the correct word.
There are two fundamental components of a steam plant: the boiler or steam generator, and the "motor unit", referred / refer to itself as a "steam engine". Stationary steam engines in fix / fixed buildings may / can have the boiler and engine in separate buildings some distance apart. For portable or mobile use, such as steam locomotives, the two are mounted / are mounting together.
The widely used reciprocate / reciprocating engine typically consists / consisted of a cast iron cylinder, piston, connecting / connected rod and beam or a crank and flywheel, and miscellaneous linkages. Steam was / is alternately supplied / supplying and exhausting / exhausted by one or more valves. Speed control was / were either automatic, using / used a governor, or by a manual valve. The cylinder casting contained / contains steam supply and exhaust ports. Engines equipped / equip with a condenser are a separate type than those that exhaust / exhausted to the atmosphere.
Other components are often present; pumps (such as an injector) to supply / supplied water to the boiler during operation, condensers to recirculating / recirculate the water and recover / recovered the latent heat of vaporization, and super heaters to raised / raise the temperature of the steam above its saturating / saturated vapor point, and various mechanisms to increase / increased the draft for fireboxes.
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