2.1. Просмотрите видеоролик: customer & client

Hi! My name is Rebecca, and welcome to our short lesson in business English.

Привет! Меня зовут Ребекка, и добро пожаловать на наш краткий урок делового английского.

Couple of terms that we’re going to clarify today have to do with who buys services. All right? And what we call that person or those people.

Пара терминов, которые мы собираемся прояснить сегодня, относятся к тем, кто покупает услуги. Хорошо? И как мы называем этого человека или этих людей.

 have to do with – говорить о …, быть связанным с …, иметь отношение к …, иметь дело с …

So. The words we are talking about today are “customer” and “client”.

Итак. Слова, о которых мы говорим сегодня – это «customer» и «client».

customer – покупатель, потребитель, заказчик, клиент

client – клиент

When do you call someone a customer, and when do you call someone a client? Right?

Когда вы называете кого-либо «customer», и когда вы называете кого-либо «client»? Так?

So, generally, the description is something like this.

Итак, обычно, описание примерно такое.

A customer is someone who generally buys products from a shop or a restaurant. Right?

«Customer» – это кто-то, кто обычно покупает продукты в магазине или ресторане. Верно?

You can take a food as a kind of product in a restaurant. So, restaurant has customers. A shop has customers. All right?

Вы можете взять (заказать) еду, как вид продукта в ресторане. Поэтому, ресторан имеет «customers». Магазин имеет «customers». Правильно?

But client, on the other hand, is someone who buys services – from a professional person or professional organization or company. Right?

Но «client», с другой стороны, это тот, кто покупает услуги – у индивидуального специалиста или специализированной организации, или компании. Так?

So, examples of professionals who provide services, and examples of professionals who have clients, in effect, are accountants, lawyers, consultants. Right?

Таким образом, примером индивидуальных специалистов, предоставляющих услуги, и примером индивидуальных специалистов, которые имеют «clients», в сущности, являются бухгалтеры, адвокаты, консультанты. Правильно?

in effect – в действительности, в сущности, на самом деле, фактически

Is there all people who call their customers not customers, but clients? The people who purchase services from them or receive services from them are called clients. All right?

Это все люди, которые называют своих потребителей, заказчиков не «customers», а «clients»? Люди, покупающие у них услуги, или получающие от них услуги, называются клиентами. Верно?

And then just another short little point nothing to do with customers or clients. For a teacher you wouldn’t say that a teacher has customers, really? We don’t normally referring them that way even if we do not have to pay. We refer to them as students. Similarly, a doctor doesn’t refer to the people who come to see him or her as customers or clients, but rather as patients. All right? Just to see little bit extra vocabulary for you.

И еще один короткий моментик, не относящийся, к потребителям или клиентам. Про преподавателя вы не скажете, что у преподавателя есть потребители, правда? Мы, обычно, не называем их так, даже если не надо им платить. Мы называем их – студенты. Аналогично, доктор не обращается к людям, пришедшим к нему или к ней на прием, «потребители» или «клиенты», а «пациенты». Правильно? Просто, чтобы дать вам посмотреть немного дополнительной лексики.

point – пункт, момент, вопрос

nothing to do – не имеющий отношения, не имеющий ничего общего

If you like to do a little quiz on this or any other subject, actually, to do with English, please visit our web-site at www.engvid.com. All right?

Если вы хотите пройти короткий тест на эту или любую другую тему, имеющую, в действительности, отношение к английскому, то, пожалуйста, посетите наш сайт по адресу www.engvid.com. Хорошо?

Thanks for a much. Good luck with your English. By for now.

Большое спасибо. Удачи в вашем английском. Пока – пока.

Economists Career

In the economists career, they study the ways in which the society uses the limited resources such as land, water, human labor, and raw materials, which are useful to fulfill their needs and wants. They can be considered as the social scientists who use their knowledge of economics to develop, distribute and utilize the goods and services. Economists conduct research related to issues such as energy costs, interest rates, inflation, exchange rates, business cycles, employment levels, and taxes. The economists can specialize in any field related to economics. The types of economists are given below.

to fulfill - исполнять, выполнять, осуществить, реализовывать, удовлетворять, удовлетворить

to distribute – разделять, распространять, распределять, раздавать

to utilize - использовать, пользоваться, воспользоваться, задействовать, применить

energy costs - энергетические затраты

interest rates - процентные ставки

inflation – инфляция

exchange rates – валютный курс

business cycles – бизнес-циклы

employment levels – уровень занятости

taxes - налоги

Types of economists:

Micro-economists: They study the supply and demand to find out ways to improve the productivity. For example, how high in demand a particular project could be.

supply and demand - спрос и предложение

to improve the productivity - повысить производительность

Macro-economists: These economists observe and research, and then infer conclusions about investment productivity, unemployment, inflation, etc.

to infer conclusions - сделать выводы

investment productivity - производительность инвестиций

unemployment - безработица, незанятость

International Economists: They study the international market, about currency exchange and effects of trade and tariffs.

international market - международный рынок currency exchange - обмен валюты

effects of trade and tariffs - последствия торговля и тарифы

Financial Economists: These economists study the interest rates and their effects on banking system.

interest rates - процентные ставки

Econometricians: They make use of mathematics most of the times. They put together the economic models using methods like calculus, game theory and many others.

economic models - экономические модели

game theory - теория игр

Organizational or Industrial Economists: They study the international business markets, the competitors and based on these studies they predict the growth of industry and of its competitors.

international business markets - мировой рынок

competitor - конкурент, соперник, противник

predict - прогнозировать, спрогнозировать, предвидеть, предугадывать

growth of industry - рост промышленности

Tasks: in the career as economists, they carry out the following tasks:

to carry out - проводить, провести, осуществлять, выполнять

• Plan, design, and conduct research to solve problems related to goods and services.

• Study economics and statistical data in areas like finance, human labor, or agriculture.

• They use methods and tools like statistics, mathematics, and economic theory to conduct research related to issues like inflation, unemployment, industrial productivity, farm policies and international trade.

• They study the different ways by which people should use the goods, services and limited resources like land, water, human labor, and raw materials.

• Collect data from various sources related to employment, wages, productivity and labor.

plan - планирование

design - проектирование

conduct research - проведение исследований

methods and tools - методы и инструменты

international trade - международная торговля

goods - товары

services - услуги

limited resources - ограниченные ресурсы

Qualification:

In the career as economists most of the times a Ph.D. degree or master's degree in Economics is needed for the research work and responsible positions. However, a bachelor's degree is also enough for entry-level jobs in federal government. Economics includes many specialties at like international economics, econometrics, and labor economics. The knowledge of mathematics, statistics, sampling theory, survey design, econometrics, and computer science is also beneficial for economists.

Ph.D. degree - степень доктора наук

master's degree in Economics - степень магистра экономики

a bachelor's degree - степень бакалавра

Other necessary skills: to enter the career as economists, they should have following skills:

• Good communication (oral and written) skills. Most of the times economists have to prepare articles and reports, so they should write clearly and precisely.

• Strong analytical and problem solving skills.

• Most of the economists have to work on their own, so should be self-independent, self- motivated and detailed oriented.

skills – навыки

self-independent - самостоятельный

self- motivated - целеустремленный

detailed oriented - обстоятельный

Place of work:

In the career as economists they usually work in clean and comfortable offices. They sometimes need to travel for fieldwork or to attend the meetings. Some of them may work as teachers in colleges and institutes. Most of the economists work for 40 hours a week. However, they may sometimes need to work for longer hours.

fieldwork – работа вне офиса, работа на местах

Job Opportunities: in the career as economists they have a wide scope in different industries.

They can achieve different positions like:

• Financial analyst

• Public policy consultant

• Market analyst

• Purchasing manager

• Researcher or research assistant

• Lecturer

The candidates who have a background in mathematics, statistics, and computer science have good scope. The economists also work in federal government, or other businesses or work in colleges and institutes.

background - подготовка, квалификация

scope - сфера применения, сфера охвата

Remuneration:

The average salary in the career as economists is quite good. However, the salary also depends on different factors like education, experience, type of work and employer. The entry-level jobs of economists may get comparatively lesser salaries, but the salary increases with years of experience, especially for those having government jobs. Those with a Ph.D. or master's degree in economics can expect handsome salary packages and benefits.

average salary - средняя зарплата

entry-level job – начальный уровень работы, работа для новичков

benefit - выгода, польза

Job Progress:

In the career as economists, they can advance to responsible positions and do independent research or enter administration. However, the promotions of economists also depend on education, experience, and skills for achieving higher positions. Those with a Ph.D. or master's degree in economics can easily get promoted. Many professionals with a background in economics can be selected for entry-level jobs or can become teachers in postsecondary schools.

to advance to responsible positions – продвигать на ответственные посты

get promoted - получить повышение

a background in economics - опыт работы в экономике

Employment forecast:

In the career as economists the employment growth is expected to grow faster than the average of all occupations. The economists are expected to be in good demand in private industries especially in management, scientific and technical consulting services. Those with a doctoral degree or Ph.D. in economics will be in great demand for research, testing and consulting jobs related to economics. Federal, and local government agencies will also need economists in large numbers to solve problems related to housing, transportation, and human labor utilization.

occupation - профессия, род занятий, род деятельности, работа, занятость

to be in demand – пользоваться спросом