- •Шомахова т.Х.
- •Кумыкова Элина Тугановна, Безрокова Мадина Борисовна, Бориева Мархаба Курманбаевна, Абрегова Алла Владимировна
- •Unit I science and society
- •1. Listen to or look through the following text and say what ideas it contains.
- •2. Look through the text again and entitle it.
- •3. Look through the text once more and say what kind of passage it is:
- •4. Read the text thoroughly with a dictionary and answer the following questions:
- •5. Give Russian equivalents to the following words, word combinations and scientific terms from the text:
- •6. Complete the following sentences choosing the words, word combinations or scientific terms from the list below.
- •7. Find synonyms to the given words, word combinations and scientific terms in ex. 5;
- •8. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the italicized words:
- •1. Read the next text connected with science and give answers to the following questions:
- •How would you answer the questions?
- •Unit II … as a branch of science
- •1. Look through the text concentrating on the beginning and the end of each paragraph, and write an outline, either in Russian or in English (time limit — 10 min.).
- •2. Paragraph Study.
- •3. Read the whole text again and see if any corrections should be made in your original outline.
- •4. Write an abstract of the text in three sentences.
- •Read and translate the text.
- •Unit III modern achievements in electronics and nanoelectronics text 1 Graphene
- •Read and translate the text.
- •Text 2 Molecular scale electronics
- •Read and translate the text.
- •Unit IV outstanding scientists in nanotechnology text 1 Richard Phillips Feynman
- •Read and translate the text.
- •Text 2 Walter Schottky
- •Read and translate the text.
- •Unit V ethical problems of scientific research text 1 The cloning of humans is justifiable
- •Read and translate the text.
- •2. Answer the questions on the text.
- •3. Analyzing the content of a text
- •Text 2 Artificial Intelligence
- •Read the text 'Artificial Intelligence' and say if machines can be as clever as humans.
- •Complete each sentence (a—h) with one of the endings (1-8):
- •Give the definitions of the following words
- •Answer the questions:
- •Fill in the table
- •Read the quotations below. Choose any statement and comment on it
- •1) Read the text and be ready for a comprehension check-up.
- •2) Check up for comprehension.
- •Unit VI special texts text 1 Nanocomposites and their Applications
- •A survey of the applications of nanocomposites. The following survey of nanocomposite applications introduces you to many of the uses being explored, including:
- •Text 2 Synthesis of Nanomaterials by High Energy Ball Milling
- •Unit VII special texts text 1 Synthesis of Nanomaterials by Laser Ablation
- •Text 2 Chemical Vapor Synthesis of Nanomaterials
- •Unit VIII special texts text 1 Nanoelectromechanical system
- •Text 2 Nanocircuitry
- •Unit IX special texts text 1 Carbon nanotube
- •Text 2 Quantum computer
- •Unit X first steps in science
- •Look through the text and be ready to summarize its main ideas.
- •Read the text to find the answers to the following questions:
- •Read the text again to find the answers to the following questions:
- •Speaking
- •Answer the questions:
- •Complete the sentences which contain the words from the Active Vocabulary Section. Speak about your research problem.
- •Answer the questions:
- •Complete the sentences with the words from the Active Vocabulary Section. Speak about the historical background of your research problem.
- •Ask for and give information on the historical background of the research problems under study.
- •Act out the situation.
- •Complete the sentences with the words from the Active Vocabulary Section. Speak about the purpose of your current research and the method used.
- •Ask for and give information about your current research, namely its purpose and the methods you employ.
- •Act out the situation.
- •Answer the questions:
- •Complete the sentences which contain the words from the Active Vocabulary Section. Speak about your research results and conclusions.
- •Ask for and give information about your research results and conclusions.
- •Act out the situations.
- •List of materials used
1) Read the text and be ready for a comprehension check-up.
"WOULD YOU LIKE YOUR SON OR DAUGHTER TO BECOME A SCIENTIST? IF SO, IN WHAT FIELD?"
The questions were asked by the Literary Gazette and a British scientist was reported to answer as follows.
"I would not like my son or daughter to become a scientist of the kind typical in the world today. The development of science has already led to many undesirable consequences and is likely to lead to many more unless great effort is made to control the application of scientific discoveries. If, however, science could be developed in a new way to become a meaningful social activity, I would be glad to see my son or daughter doing science.
So far as the field is concerned, I think there will be a growing tendency for scientists to occupy themselves with problems which affect fairly directly the lives of people. There seems to exist a great need to develop science which deals specially with the problems of how the applications of science affect man. To cite but a few examples, there are such problems as urban development, education and, of course, the prevention of war. If the new knowledge about the world is used for the benefit of man, rather than for death and destruction, the human race can continue to benefit from science for centuries to come.
2) Check up for comprehension.
What can you say about the form of the text and the title?
Is the answer to the 1st question "yes" or "no"?
What are the author's reasons for this answer?
Under what condition would the answer be different?
Does the author indicate any specific science in his answer to the 2nd question?
What problems are considered by the author to be worth studying? Why?
What is necessary for science to remain beneficial for people?
Unit VI special texts text 1 Nanocomposites and their Applications
A nanocomposite is a matrix to which nanoparticles have been added to improve a particular property of the material. The properties of nanocomposites have caused researchers and companies to consider using this material in several fields.
A survey of the applications of nanocomposites. The following survey of nanocomposite applications introduces you to many of the uses being explored, including:
Producing batteries with greater power output. Researchers have developed a method to make anodes for lithium ion batteries from a composite formed with silicon nanospheres and carbon nanoparticles. The anodes made of the silicon-carbon nanocomposite make closer contact with the lithium electrolyte, which allows faster charging or discharging of power.
Speeding up the healing process for broken bones. Researchers have shown that growth of replacement bone is speeded up when a nanotube-polymer nanocomposite is placed as a kind of scaffold which guides growth of replacement bone. The researchers are conducting studies to better understand how this nanocomposite increases bone growth.
Producing structural components with a high strength-to-weight ratio. For example an epoxy containing carbon nanotubes can be used to produce nanotube-polymer composite windmill blades. This results in a strong but lightweight blade, which makes longer windmill blades practical. These longer blades increase the amount of electricity generated by each windmill.
Using graphene to make composites with even higher strength-to-weight ratios. Researchers have found that adding graphene to epoxy composites may result in stronger/stiffer components than epoxy composites using a similar weight of carbon nanotubes. Graphene appears to bond better to the polymers in the epoxy, allowing a more effective coupling of the graphene into the structure of the composite. This property could result in the manufacture of components with higher strength-to-weight ratios for such uses as windmill blades or aircraft components.
Making lightweight sensors with nanocomposites. A polymer-nanotube nanocomposite conducts electricity; how well it conducts depends upon the spacing of the nanotubes. This property allows patches of polymer-nanotube nanocomposite to act as stress sensors on windmill blades. When strong wind gusts bend the blades the nanocomposite will also bend. Bending changes the nanocomposite sensor's electrical conductance, causing an alarm to be sounded. This alarm would allow the windmill to be shut down before excessive damage occurs.
Using nanocomposites to make flexible batteries. A nanocomposite of cellulous materials and nanotubes could be used to make a conductive paper. When this conductive paper is soaked in an electrolyte, a flexible battery is formed.
Making tumors easier to see and remove. Researchers are attempting to join magnetic nanoparticles and fluorescent nanoparticles in a nanocomposite particle that is both magnetic and fluorescent. The magnetic property of the nanocomposite particle makes the tumor more visible during an MRI procedure done prior to surgery. The fluorescent property of the nanocomposite particle could help the surgeon to better see the tumor while operating.
TASKS
1. Read the title of the passage to know what it deals with.
2. Read the passage carefully to know its content in more detail.
3. Name the paragraph dealing with the anodes made of the silicon-carbon nanocomposite.
4. Name the paragraph that describe a strong but lightweight blade.
5. Find the conclusive paragraph in which visibility of growth is accounted for.
6. Find the paragraph concerned with curing fractures and injuries .
7. Thoroughly read paragraph 1 and define its main point. Summarize paragraph 1 in no more than two sentences. Begin with: The paper reports on ...
8. Thoroughly read paragraphs 2, 3, 4 and condense their content. Compress paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 into a statement using the phrases: A careful account is given to... It is reported that... The paper claims that...
9. Thoroughly read paragraphs 5, 6 and condense their content. Compress paragraphs 5 and 6 into a statement using the phrases: Much attention is given to ... It is claimed that... The paper points out that...
10. Summarize the content of the passage using the phrases: The paper provides information on ... The paper defines the phenomenon of... An attempt is made to... The paper points out... The paper claims that...