Модальный глагол Must (эквивалент to have to)

Значение

Указывает на необходимость сделать что–либо ввиду определенных обстоятельств. Кроме того, must употребляется для предложений, в которых необходимо выразить приказ или совет. При переводе глаголу must соответствуют слова нужно, надо, должен.

Случаи употребления 

1. Обязанность, необходимость, запрещение (в отрицательных предложений).

• You must be here at 5 o'clock – Вы должны быть здесь в 5 часов.

• She mustn't stay here – Она не должна оставаться здесь.

2. Предположение.

• Mary must be at the station now – Мария сейчас, должно быть (вероятно), на станции.

Альтернатива

Чтобы заменить модальный глагол must в других временах, употребляется сочетание have to.

• My friend had to bring the newspaper – Мой друг должен был принести газету.

Значение

Указывает на моральный долг или совет. На русский язык ought переводится словами следовало бы, должен, следует.

Случаи употребления 

1. Выражение морального долга или совета.

• You ought to help your aunt – Ты должен (тебе следует, следовало бы) помочь своей тете.

• Kate ought to be more polite – Катя должна (ей следует, следовало бы) быть более вежливой.

Альтернатива

Ought по своему значению часто совпадает с глаголом should.

Особенность глагола

С модальным глаголом ought инфинитив всегда употребляется с частицей to.

Значение

Указывает на необходимость сделать что-либо. На русский язык переводится словами нужно, надо.

Как смысловой глагол переводится как нуждаться.

Случаи употребления 

1. Необходимость сделать что-либо (need – модальный глагол).

Need John invite her? – Нужно ли Джону приглашать ее?

2. Значение нуждаться (need – смысловой глагол).

• I don’t need her help any longer – Мне больше не нужна ее помощь.

Особенность глагола

В качестве модального глагола употребляется только в вопросах и отрицательных предложениях.

Ex. 1

Choose “must”, “ought to”, “should”, “have to”. Write the negative particle “not” where is necessary.

1. If you want to be fit, you .. eat cake.

1. should                        3. ought                     5. have                       7. will

2. shouldn't                   4. to                            6. must                       8. don't

2. The bus we took didn't go up the hill and we .. walk.

1. must                           3. to                            5. didn't                      7. had

2. shouldn't                   4. don't                       6. oughtn't                 8. have

3. Every child .. know traffic rules.

1. mustn't                       3. ought                     5. have                       7. has

2. shouldn't                   4. to                            6. oughtn't                 8. doesn't

4. My parents are going out to a party tomorrow and I.. stay with my younger brother.

1. 'll                                             3. have                                               5. shouldn't

2. must                                       4. oughtn't                                         6. to

5. It's dark outside, it .. be about 7 now.

1. has                                          3. to                                                    5. ought

2. should                                    4. not                                                  6. must

6. You .. eat so many sweets because they contain a lot of calories.

1. must                           3. ought                     5. won't                      7. to

2. should                        4. don't                       6. shouldn't               8. have

7. If you want to be fit, you .. walk a lot.

1. shouldn't                   3. ought                     5. has                          7. mustn't

2. oughtn't                     4. to                            6. don't have            

8. When he was at the university he .. work to pay for his education.

1. had                                         3. ought                                             5. has

2. should                                    4. must                                               6. to

9. You are impolite. You .. speak to your mother like this.

1. to                                            3. have                                               5. must

2. should                                    4. ought not                                      6. ought

10. Mother ... leave early on Mondays so he ... make his breakfast himself.

1. shouldn't                               3. has to                                             5. doesn't

2. oughtn't to                            4. have to                                           6. must

Ex. 2

Choose “can” “must”, “ought to”, “should” and their equivalents. Write the negative particle “not” where is necessary.

1. Sally's husband ... play football, tennis and other games but he ... cook or iron.

1. can               3. may            5. must

2. can't             4. not             6. should

2. Ann, ... I ask you a question? - You certainly ....

1. can                3. may          5. must

2. can't              4. not             6. should

3. I wonder if we ... take off our shoes here.

1. can       2. can't         3. may         4. not       5. must

4. You ... always observe traffic rules on the road.

1. can                3. may            5. must

2. can't              4. not              6. should

5. You ... stay in town the whole summer or you ... go to the seaside if you want.

1. can                3. may              5. must

2. can't              4. not               6. should

6. You ... ... take so much sugar in your tea.

1. can              3. must               5. have                   7. are               9. able

2. may             4. ought             6. should                8. not              10. to

7. Dan, ... I do anything for you?

1. can              3. may                 5. must                   7. have           9. to

2. can't            4. not                  6. should                8. am               10. allowed

8. Mrs. Brown, ... I go out for a moment? - No, you ... ....

1. can              3. may                 5. must                   7. ought to     9. do

2. can't            4. not                  6. should                8. have to      

9. He ... return later. If he comes late, you... wait.

1. can            3. may         5. must           7. 'll have to           9. are allowed to

2. can't          4. not          6. should        8. are to                  10. ought to

10. Mom, ... we meet them at the airport? - No, you ....

1. can            3. may                 5. must               7. do                   9. have to

2. can't          4. not                  6. should            8. needn't           10. might

11. I have a terrible headache. - I think you ... see a doctor.

1. can            3. may             5. are allowed to       7. are able to          9. had to

2. can't          4. needn't       6. should                    8. must                   10. are to

12. The people are carrying umbrellas. It ... be raining.

1. can               3. may         5. must             7. ought to

2. can't            4. not           6. should           8. has to

13. I know I ... help my sister about the house.

1. can              3. may                      5. am allowed to

2. can't             4. ought to               6. could

14. You ... take all this tablets if you want to get well.

1. can               3. may             5. are able to             7. are to

2. can't               4. not            6. should                    8. are allowed to

15. Schoolchildren ... not wear a uniform now.

1. can                  3. may               5. should

2. can't                4. must              6. ought to

16. Sally ... be Mary's daughter. Mary is too young to be her mother.

1. can            3. may         5. must           7. ought to              9. has to

2. can't          4. not          6. should        8. needn't                 10. is able to

17. Oh, ... she be angry with me? I didn't say anything offensive.

1. can            3. may         5. must           7. ought to              9. is able

2. can't          4. not          6. should        8. has to                   10. is allowed to

18. I'm afraid something is wrong. They ... be back an hour ago.

1. can            3. may         5. must                       7. are allowed to       9. were to

2. can't          4. not          6. were able to           8. are to                      10. had to

19. In my childhood I ... learn three foreign languages.

1. can            3. may          5. must                       7. ought to         9. have to

2. can't          4. not            6. should                    8. was to            10. was able to

20. - Max, ... you help me with Math? - No, I ... . I ... read a whole chapter in Geography.

1. can            3. may          5. must                       7. ought to         9. was to

2. can't          4. not            6. should                    8. had to             10. am able to