- •Lecture 4. Mental and physical development of the child.
- •In the scientific tradition established by l.S. Vygotsky in defectology, distinguish primary and secondary developmental disorders.
- •In modern science, there is no generally accepted classification of periods of growth and development and their age limits.
- •3. The sexual crisis
- •4. Transient dyspepsia
- •8. Neonatal jaundice
- •Lecture 13. Methods of examination children with disabilities.
- •Lecture 14. Features a survey of children with disabilities.
- •5. Evaluation of the results
- •In drawing up the final conclusion of the specialists commission must analyze and nature of the errors:
- •In drawing up the pedigree doctor uses standard techniques and symbols.
- •Very useful fix Entries (in those cases when it is necessary), and methods of teaching impact pupil reaction to that effect.
3. The sexual crisis
The sexual crisis is caused by exposure to maternal hormones in the ORGAN "target" baby. This phenomenon is most often observed in girls. It is expressed in the fact that the genitals increase in size and increase swell breasts, nipple can be allocated colostrum drops. This situation can be observed in girls and boys. Upon detection of this condition can not be trying to squeeze colostrum - this is painful. The difference from a pathological process - mastitis newborn - is the absence of high temperature and pain when you touch the chest baby.
Girls 2-3 days of life can be observed similar to menstruation vaginal discharge. The volume of released blood can be approximately one teaspoon. To continue such isolation as regular monthly - 3-5 days.
The girls also found transient desquamative vulvovaginitis - abundant mucous discharge from the genital tract. It may take up to 3-4 weeks. Selections do not cause trouble, the vagina is not red.
Any manifestations of sexual crisis go away and do not require intervention.
4. Transient dyspepsia
This situation is associated with the settlement of hitherto sterile intestinal flora that baby receives during and immediately after birth from the mother, as well as from people who care for them. Not always the settlement is uniform and only "correct" flora. "Fight for territory" is a variety of processes in the intestine. In a healthy baby at the normal flora of the maternal everything ends happily. When "bad" flora of the mother, where many pathogenic or conditionally pathogenic microbes, such a state can develop into infection. Most often it happens in premature, immature, small babies.
Also in the first week of life there is frustration of a chair. This is due to the fact that with the beginning of the power for the first time included in the work of digestive enzymes, digestive gland, gall bladder. A newborn all these processes do not always happen smoothly and consistently. The first chair of the child - is meconium, a dark green, paste-like. Then begins to form a transitional chair - patchy, green and yellow, with lumps, it is sometimes possible to find out a little mucus. By the end of the first week of the chair set.
5. Urine acid infarction
This is a transient state of the urinary organs, associated with adaptation changes in metabolism, a decrease in urine volume. As a consequence, it increases the concentration of urine in the renal pelvis deposited crystals of uric acid salts. Urine becomes more turbid, from yellow to brick red, possible crystallization of salts on the diaper. They look like a stain, these crystals rich brick red. If the situation lasts for more than 12-18 hours - it is an occasion additional dome baby water from a spoon.
6. Transient immunodeficiency
The newborn is very vulnerable to infections. A child is born sterile. He's immature skin barrier properties, not formed the protective mechanisms of the mucous. After the birth of all cavities (pharynx, upper respiratory tract, intestines, genitals) colonized by bacterial flora. The massive impact of the "new" Flora and immaturity of the protection of the organism in the first week of life explain the transient immune deficiency. Therefore, the risk of infection from a newborn human patient or "healthy" carrier pathogenic microbes and viruses are significantly higher than that of an infant.
It is necessary to mention the physiological wound for a newborn - the umbilical. Under certain circumstances, or in the absence of proper care of the skin of the child and mother's umbilical wound becomes excellent gateway for any infection. Any redness of the wound or the area around it, oozing or discharge from it - a reason for seeking medical attention.
7. Transient skin condition
Leather - very important for a child's body. It performs the function of protecting against infections, is the organ allocation, organ thermoregulation. The skin of newborn and infant can tell a lot about what is going on in the kid's life. It will show properly nourished mother, well if you pick up clothes for the baby, whether the water is suitable for bathing your home. Many pathological processes in the body of the child, can be "read" on the skin. The following events are considered to be the normal state of newborn skin.
Simple erythema - a reddening of the skin. It can be seen after 6-12 hours after birth. By the end of the first week of life must undergo excessive redness. This flushing is due primarily to skin addiction contact with air.
Peeling of the skin. It occurs more often in post-term babies born after 42 weeks of pregnancy. A week and a half peeling passes. I recommend to smear folds held by the hands and feet of almond oil, because the folds dry skin can crack, delivering the baby discomfort.
Toxic erythema - spot the size of a penny, with grayish-yellow seal in the center. Usually they are placed on the legs, around the joints and chest. They appear 1 day after birth, usually disappear within 2-3 days. The state of health of the child is not broken. However, these patches can itch, so clothing should be tight and not fit tightly to these elements on the skin.
Milian - so called white nodules on the nose wings, nose and forehead. It clogged the narrow sebaceous ducts. They uncork their own within 1-2 weeks of life.
Mongolian spots. They have color from blue to pale gray and resemble bruises. Such spots are found on the back and buttocks, and sometimes - in the legs and shoulders, with nine out of ten children whose parents belong to the black, Asian, or Native American race. These barely visible spot is also quite common in children of the Mediterranean region, but very rarely - the light-skinned, blue-eyed babies.
"Spot stork" .These orange-pink spots may appear on the forehead, eyelids, at the back they found the place for which the storks carry babies, which explains its popular name of "spot the stork." They brighten in the first two years of life and become visible only when the baby is crying or severely strained.
