Task 7.
1) The word "kindergarten" is used for private nurseries. False. The term kindergarten is rarely used in Britain to describe pre-school education.
2) Parents who do not work could bring their children to nursery schools. False. Private nurseries provide full-day child care for working parents.
3) It is impossible to attend a nursery if the child is less than three. True.
4) Nurseries are independent establishments and they are not combined in any school. False. Some nurseries are attached to state infant or primary schools, but many are provided by the private sector.
5) 55 pounds are enough to pay for one or two days per week at nursery school. True.
6) In Scotland there are strict rales for nurseries which they should obey. True.
7) In Wales children start attending nursery at the age of five. False. In the 1980s England and Wales officially adopted the Northern Irish system whereby children start school either in the term or year
8) School starts on May for children who were 4 by the end of the following February in Scotland. False. School starts in August for children who were 4 by the end of the preceding February.
9) First school year in Northern Ireland is called Reception. False. First school year in Northern Ireland is called Primary One.
Task 8.
1) kindergarden - kindergarten;
2) to atend a nursery - to attend a nursery;
3) to vary slight - to vary slightly;
4) privat sector - private sector;
5) government - government;
6) income taxs - income taxes;
7) excellence - Excellence;
8) independence - independence;
9) commission - Commission;
10) Reseption - Reception.
Task 9.
1) The term "kindergarten" is not widely used in Britain.
2) Instead the word "kindergarten" the term nursery or playgroups use Englishmen schools.
3) There are private nurseries, which provide day-care education for working parents' children in Britain.
4) Though the system of pre-school education is the same throughout United Kingdom some differences still exist.
5) Some nurseries are part of primary schools, others refer to private sphere.
6) Government provides financial help for pre-school education establishments.
7) Government Committees define requirements and curriculum for nursery schools as far as framework are concerned.
8) British children start their pre-school education at about three or four years of age.
Task 11.
1.- g; 2.- d; 3.- a; 4.- j; 5.- c; 6.- i; 7.- h; 8.- b; 9.- e; 10.- f.
Task 12.
1) How much time does it take to attend kindergarten?
a) two school-years
b) one school-year
c) three academic years
d) one academic term
2) What is the age of children who attend kindergarten?
a) five to six years
b) three years of age
c) four or five years of age
d) five years of age
3) Is a kindergarten year considered a part of formal schooling?
a) No, it is not a part of formal education.
b) Yes, it is the last part of formal schooling
c) Yes, it is the intermediate part of formal education
d) Yes, it is an integrated element of formal education
4) What is the character of pre-school education in the USA?
a) it depends on the state whether the kindergarten is obligatory or voluntary
b) it is obligatory all through the USA
c) it is voluntary in all school districts in the USA
d) it is compulsory in all states
5) What are the advantages for children from kindergartens?
a) advantages in study behaviour
b) benefits in the sphere of sociality
c) learning, social and behavioural advantages
d) benefits in the positive behaviour patterns
6) What is "High/Scope Learning"?
a) it is a style of learning used in minority of kindergartens in the USA
b) it is a style of learning in majority of kindergartens in the USA
c) it is a style of learning used in majority of schools in the USA
d) it is the style of learning used in majority of kindergartens in the UK
7) What approaches does "High/Scope Learning" use?
a) think and act
b) plan, do, review
c) come, see, win
d) do and redo
8) Who plan activities at "High/Scope Learning"?
a) teachers
b) parents
c) administration
d) children
9) What is teachers' role in the process of education?
a) teachers plan all activities in the kindergarten
b) teachers employ "hands-off' approach
c) teachers do not have any plan for children's activities
d) teachers give a choice of activities
10) What are children doing during their time at kindergarten?
a) they spend the main part of their time in "do" activities
b) they spend much time in "plan" activity
c) they spend much time in "review" activity
d) they spend the main part of their time communicating with each other
11) What is "review" stage?
a) it is repeating all the work done this day
b) it is telling parents what their children did during the day
c) it is thinking over and analysing all the work during the day
d) it is teacher's speech to children during the day
12) What is the result of "High/Scope Learning"?
a) it takes responsibility away from teachers
b) it makes children responsible for their learning process
c) it makes teachers responsible for the learning process
d) it makes parents responsible for the learning process
13) What is the situation with children who do not attend kindergartens?
a) if children are older than five then they could start the first grade for compulsory education, even if they did not attend kindergarten
b) if children did not attend kindergarten then they could not enter school
c) if children are younger than five, then they could start the first grade at compulsory school, even if they did not go to the kindergarten
d) children who attended kindergarten could start compulsory schooling at the age of six
Task 13.
A forest kindergarten is a type of pre-school education for children between the ages of three and six that is held almost exclusively outdoors. Whatever the weather, children are encouraged to play, explore and learn in a forest or natural environment. It is also known as Waldkindergarten (in German), outdoor nursery, nature kindergarten, or nature pre-school.
Task 14.
1.- g; 2.- d; 3.- l; 4.- a; 5.- e; 6.- h; 7.- b; 8.- f; 9.- k; 10.- j; 11.- c; 12.- i.
Task 15.
1) Forest kindergartens are located only in woodland. False. Forest kindergartens operate mainly in woodland, although some other sites can be equally inspiring, for example beaches and meadows.
2) Forest kindergartens do not need any buildings. False. There should be a building where children can shelter from extreme weather.
3) Children can spend little time indoors. This time is meant for day-sleeping. False. They may also spend a small part of each day indoors, although that is more likely to be for administrative and organisational reasons, such as to provide a known location where parents can deliver and collect their children.
4) Children could choose a place in the forest which is their location. True.
5) Children do not need to inform the teaching staff where they go. False. Staff would expect to know the area and to be able to guide decisions in terms of interest, safety, distance, etc.
6) If the temperature is below -15, all children must be indoors. False. If the temperature is below -10 °C, all children must be indoors.
7) A group at forest kindergartens consists of 15 students and one teacher. False. Forest kindergartens are generally composed of a group of 15 to 20 children and at least two staff.
8) The reason for children being inside is a risk of trees loosing limbs at severe storms. True.
9) In some forest schools children are taken to woodland rarely and the aim of such trips is environment protection. True.
10) Forestry Commission advises primary school take their children to woods twice a week for sixteen weeks. False. The Forestry Commission proposes "regular" access, for example once a week for eight weeks.
11) According to the rules adopted by forest kindergartens, all children should be dressed for the weather. True.
12) Forest kindergarten movement is declining in the UK. False. Kindergartens with an outdoor focus are slowly increasing throughout the UK.
13) All forest kindergartens are located in urban areas. False. Some of the most successful forest kindergartens are already in rural areas.
14) Forestry Commission provided land in Scotland to development of forest kindergartens. True.