8. Lesson 8. Irregularities in operation, causes and remedies I Notes

regardless of

Невзирая на

both . . . and ...

н то, и другое, как . . . так ... e.g. Both above and below the piston

because of

из-за чего-либо

instead of

Вместо чего-либо

to consist of

Состоять из

to include smth (into)

Включать что-либо

to draw into (drew, drawn)

Втягивать (направлять) в

to push out of

Выталкивать из

to reach smth

Достигать, доходить до чего-либо

as long as

так долго, как (пока)

as soon as

как можно скорее

twice as many (much)

вдвое больше

twice less

вдвое меньше

shortly after

Вскоре (сразу) после

just before

Непосредственно перед

to start

Начинать

to continue

Продолжать

to stop, complete

Завершать

to communicate with

Связываться с

although

Хотя

moreover

более того

nevertheless

тем не менее

however

Однако

thus

таким образом

under the favorable conditions

при благоприятных условиях

to be available

иметь в наличии

BDC (bottom dead center)

Нижняя мертвая точка

TDC (top dead center)

Верхняя мертвая точка

cpp (controllable pitch propeller)

винт регулируемого шага (ВРШ)

cst (centistoke)

Сантистокс

С (Centigrade)

по шкале Цельсия

F (Fahrenheit)

по шкале Фаренгейта

HFO (Heavy Fuel Oil)

Тяжелое топливо

ECR (economic continuous rating)

Длительная экономическая мощность

MCR (maximum continuous rating)

Максимальная длительная мощность

Symptom:

Cause:

Remedy:

1. Starting difficulties.

Insufficient

or no compression.

a) Inlet and exhaust valves leaking.

Grind or replace valves, mill the seats.

''

b) Inlet and exhaust valves sticking.

Oil the valve spindles with gas oil, or remove valves for cleaning.

''

c) Insufficient rocker arm clearance.

Adjust valves.

''

d) Piston rings sticking in grooves, or worn.

Loosen rings and replace them if necessary.

''

e) Valve springs broken or

slack.

Replace springs.

''

f) Cylinder liner worn.

Replace.

''

g) Cylinder liner scratched.

Replace.

Fuel valve out of order.

Nozzle needle valve sticking or leaking.

Release it, grind or replace if required.

Fuel pumps give no or insufficient

pressure.

a) Pressure valve sticking or leaking

Clean it, replace if required.

''

b) Pressure valve holder loose.

Tighten.

''

c) Piston and lining worn.

Replace.

Insufficient or no fuel supply.

a) Air in fuel system.

Ventilate

''

b) Fuel lift pump defective.

Repair pump and ventilate fuel system.

2. Engine starts, but stops shortly afterwards.

Engine starts, but stops after a while

a) Fuel tank empty

Fill tank and remove air from fuel system.

''

b) Air in fuel system

Airate.

''

c) Fuel filter choked

Clean the filter.

3. Engine does not reach maximum capacity

Insufficient or no compression.

See under "Starting difficulties".

Fuel valves out of order.

''

Excessive waste of oil from fuel pumps.

Fuel pump plungers worn.

Replace plungers and sleeves.

Engine takes load only momentarily.

Fuel supply blocked, fuel pump out of order.

Check the whole fuel system thoroughly.

Engine does not reach full speed.

Governor drive broken.

Adjust or replace governor spring.

Engine loses too much speed under load.

Incorrect adjustment of governor, or something

in the system works sluggishly.

Adjust governor. Check governor system, and correct the defect.

Smell of heat.

Insufficient cooling

water.

Stop engine, fill in cooling water when the engine has cooled off.

4. Engine speed too high.

Languid movements of governor arm.

Governor arm has become oblique by blows or the like.

Stop engine quickly by interrupting the fuel supply and check the governor system.

Incorrect adjust­ment of governor.

Adjust governor.

5. Engine knocks.

Ignition too advanced.

Incorrect adjustment of fuel oil pumps.

Adjust correctly.

Mechanical faults.

Connecting rod bolls loose.

Check connecting rod bolts thoroughly. If cracked or defect, replace them. Tighten nuts.

Mechanical faults.

a) Hot or worn bearings.

Replace bearing lining, check lube oil system, correct fault if any before restarting.

''

b) Flywheel loose.

Tighten nut and lock it.

''

c) Worn pistons and linings.

Replace them.

6. Engine smokes.

Black smoke from engine.

a) Air filter choked.

Clean filter.

''

b) Fuel valve out of order.

See under "Starting difficulties".

''

c) Insufficient compression.

''

d) Engine overloaded.

Reduce load. Never overload.

''

e) Thermostat valve leaking.

Replace valve.

Black smoke from engine.

Lube oil forces its way past leaky piston and oil rings into combustion chamber.

Replace oil and piston rings.

7. Excessive fuel oil consumption.

Engine runs hot.

Engine overloaded.

Reduce load(never overload).

Insufficient compression.

See under "Starting difficulties".

Leaky fuel system.

a) Fuel pipes leaking.

Repair or replace.

''

b) Fuel pump plungers and linings worn.

Replace defective parts.

Increasing oil level.

Fuel lift pump diaphragm defective.

Replace diaphragm.

Engine smokes.

a) Fuel valves out of order.

Clean and adjust valves.

''

b) Thermostat valve leaks.

Replace valve.

8. Excessive lubricating oil consumption.

Lube oil enters combustion chamber.

Oil piston rings worm.

Replace rings.

''

Pistons and cylinder linings worm.

Replace defective parts.

Lube oil leaks out of crank shaft end bearings.

Oil seal rings and bearings worn.

Replace seal rings and repair bearings.

9. Engine runs hot.

Smell of heat.

a) No cooling water.

Stop engine, fill up with cooling water when engine cooled off.

''

b) Engine overloaded.

Unload engine.

Cooling water temperature too high.

Lack of cooling water owing to defective cooling water pump or escape of water from leakage.

Remedy the fault.

Cooling water too high.

a) Defective thermostat.

Replace thermostat.

''

b) Fan belt too loose.

Tighten belt.

''

c) Radiator choked.

Clean radiator.

''

d) Pressure vacuum valve out of order.

Repair valve.

Lube oil pressure insufficient.

a) Lube oil filter choked.

Clean filter.

''

b) Lube oil pump defective.

Repair pump.

''

c) Lube oil pressure line leaks.

Repair or replace line.

''

d) Defective lube oil overflow valve.

Repair valve.

10. Engine jars.

Engine misfires.

a) Air in fuel system.

Ventilate. See under "Starting difficulties" and "Engine does not reach maximum capacity".

''

b) Fuel valves out of order.

cylinder head (cover)

крышка цилиндра

surface

поверхность

scraping

шабровка

to scrape

шаброватъ

machining

машин. обработка

to renew

заменять

safety valve

предохранительный клапан

rocker

коромысло

indicating cock

индикаторный кран

rod

штанга

valve disk

тарелка клапана

bush

втулка

valve stem

шток клапана

pin

палец

turn

обтачивать

to cut off

вырубать

rod

штанга

valve disk

тарелка клапана

bush

втулка

valve stem

шток клапана

pin

палец

turn

обтачивать

to cut off

вырубать

fitting

арматура, пригонка, установка

to weld

заваривать

to fit into position

устанавливать по месту

exhaust valve

выхлопной клапан

cylinder assembly

цилиндр в сборе

we have to ...

we Should...

Нам следует (надо)