Engine damage

A.: What is the best method of keeping a check on crank shaft alignment and main bearing wear?

В.: By the use of a bridge gauge, on which are stamped the heights of the crank shaft at the main bearings at the time the engine was installed. Periodical measurements with this gauge, compared with the original measurements, will indicate any dropping of the shaft.

A.: How are the cylinders lubricated?

В.: By means of small oil pumps, assembled into multiple units called mechanical oilers, which are operated by linkages from any convenient moving part of the engine. These pumps feed the oil in drops, at a rate that can be regulated by small adjusting screws, into small pipes leading to the cylinders.

A.: For what other purpose is the compressor used besides supplying injection air?

В.: The compressor always has a capacity in excess of the amount required for spraying the fuel. The excess air is by­passed into the starting air tanks to supply air for starting the engine.

A.: Why is the injection air usually compressed in three stages instead of one?

В.: Because the temperature at the end of a single compres­sion would be excessive. By performing the compression in three stages the air can be cooled after each stage in the compression. In this way the heat is easily handled and the amount of power required to compress a given quantity of air is greatly reduced.

Exercise 6. Speak on the following.

1) Shipyard repairs of cylinders and cylinder heads.

2) Shipyard repairs of crank shafts.

3) Shipyard repairs of pistons.

7. Lesson 7. Diesel engine maintenance

Notes:

maintenance	содержание и техническое обслуживание, техническая эксплуатация, уход, (текущий) ремонт
daily	ежедневно
dipstick	футшток
to stand still	находиться не в рабочей состоянии
at least	по крайней мере
draining	слив
to unscrew	отвинчивать
to screw	завинчивать
drain plug	сливная пробка
bottom	дно, днище
crankcase	картер двигателя
to fill	наполнять
to refill	наполнять вновь
refilling	повторное наполнение
to wipe	протирать
inside	внутри, внутренняя сторона
rag	ветошь
fluff	пух, пушок, ворс
cotton waste	зд. хлопчатобумажная ветошь
to dip	погружать, окунать
lube oil suction strainer	фильтр масла на входе
sump	отстойник, сборник, сточная цистерна
to examine	проверять
frequently	часто
crack	трещина
upper	верхний
piston ring	поршневое кольцо
depending on	в зависимости от
condition	состояние
deposits	отложения
carbon	нагар
excessive	излишний
externally	с наружной стороны
scale	накипь
wear	износ
to renew	заменять
top	верхняя часть
to adjust	регулировать
clearance	зазор
also	также
joint	соединение
lever	рычаг
alignment	регулировка, выравнивающая
bearing	центровка, настройка, просветка (линий вала)
readings	подшипник показания, данные, замеры

Check the lube oil pressure daily. The pressure should be 1,5 Kg per sq.cm = 21 Ibs/sq. in (psi). Keep the oil level up to the full mark of the dipstick. Make control when the engine stands still. The lube oil should be changed the first time after 50 working hours, the next time after another 150 working hours and then at least once a year. Draining is made by unscrewing the drain plug at the bottom of the crankcase just after stopping the engine when the oil is warm and easy to drain. Before refilling with fresh oil wipe out the inside of the crankcase with a clean rag (use material free from fluff, do not use cotton waste). Dip the rag in gas oil and clean the lube oil suction strainer placed on the drain plug and clean the sump. When changing the lube oil, clean the lubricating oil filter with petrol or gas oil. Refill the sump with fresh lube oil.

Pistons should be examined frequently for cracks. The upper piston rings should be examined once a month during the first six months service and than as necessary depending on their condition. At intervals of six months piston heads if cooled mast be examined for deposits of carbon in cooling spaces -and cooling pipes. Exhaust valves, manifold and cylinder ports should also be examined and excessive carbon deposits should be removed. Cylinder liners must be examined externally for deposits of scale. The liners should also be examined for wear and renewed if necessary. The clearance of the connecting rod - top and bottom ends should also be examined and adjusted if necessary. At intervals of one year the manoeuvring gear should be examined for wear at the joints of levers and rods. The alignment of the crankshaft should be checked and corrected if necessary. The main bearings, should be examined and readings taken for wear.

Exercise 1. Answer the questions.

1) How often should the lube oil pressure be checked?

2) What should be the pressure?

3) When should the lube oil be changed the first time?

4) How is draining made?

5) Where is the drain plug positioned?

6) When is the oil easiest to drain?

7) When is it necessary to wipe out the inside of the crankcase?

8) What should the pistons be examined for?

9) Where is usually carbon deposited?

10) What should be done with carbon deposits?

11) How often should the maneuvering gear be examined?

Exercise 2. Give the Russian equivalents of the following.

1) lube oil pressure

2) drain plug

3) inside of the crankcase

4) lube oil suction strainer

5) deposits of scale

Exercise 3. Use the correct words from the text.

1) Check the lube oil … daily.

2) Keep the oil level up to the full … of the …

3) Dip the rag in gas … and clean the lube oil … strainer placed on the … plug and clean the …

4) … valves, manifold and cylinder … should also be examined and excessive carbon … should be removed.

5) The … of the connecting rod-top and bottom … should also be examined and … if necessary.

Exercise 4. Translate into English.

1) Производите контроль, когда двигатель остановлен.

2) Перед заполнением свежим маслом, протрите внутреннюю сторону картера чистой ветошью.

3) При замене масла, очистите масляный фильтр.

4) Поршни следует часто осматривать на наличие трещин.

5) Следует проверять и корректировать по мере необходимости центровку коленвала.

Exercise 5. Made up a dialogue of your own based on the one given below.

THE CYLINDER LINERS AND THE CAMSHAFT

Mr. Wilson - Why do you want to replace only 3 cylinder liners I wonder?

Ch.Eng - You see these liners are badly damaged through erosion on the cooling water side and have some ellipsoidal wear. That's why they are to be replaced. As to the other liners they require checking. Then we'll see what should be done.

Mr. Wilson - We must know the exact number of cylinder liners to be renewed because the delivery takes rather much time. So we'll speed up the dismantling of the cylinder liners and carry out the necessary survey of defects as quick as possible.

Ch.Eng. - We'd like to have your opinion about the other three liners in two days. Can you manage it?

Mr. Wilson - You see, it's necessary to grind the camshaft journals, other wise it's impossible to replace the bearings. The camshaft labyrinth packing should be renewed too, I think.

Ch. Eng. - Yes, they should. But look it is stipulated in the list of repairs.

Mr. Wilson - So, we shall make a complete repair of the camshaft drive, shan't we? Sorry we have not all necessary spare parts for the-main starting valve repair in our repair hit at present. Ch, Eng. - Don't worry. The main starting valve repair requires only minor repair. We try to do it by our engine room stuff.

Notes:

cylinder liner	цилиндровая втулка
packing	набивка
wear	износ
to repack	перенабить
wear-wore-worn	изнашиваться
drive	привод
delivery	поставка
repair kit	ремонт, комплект
exact	точный
quality	качество
speed up	ускоряться
quantity	количество
to be badly damaged of	быть сильно поврежденным из-за
dimension	размер
shape	форма
to grind	шлифовать
camshaft	распредвал
journal	щенка
sorry but I am not satisfied with the quality (results) of repair	Простите, но я не удовлетворен качеством (результатом) ремонта

Exercise 6. Speak on the following.

1) The lube oil changing.

2) Refilling with fresh lube oil.

3) Piston examination