2. Snob – людина, що претендує на вишуканість,особливу інтелектуальність та ін.

3. aloof – той, що тримається осторонь

4. vanity – пиха, порожній гонор

5. arrogance – зарозумність, гордовитість, самовпевненість

6. hostile –ворожий

7. bored – той, що нудьгує

8. infatueted –захоплений чимось

9. to mislead (misled) – вводити в оману, збити з пуття

10.reluctant – неприхильний; тут - непривабливий

11.advertiser – рекламодавець

12.prudent – розважливий, обачний

13.to assign – призначати

14.cemeteries – кладовища, цвинтарі

15.counterpart –подоба

16.to indulge – віддаватисі втіхам, захоплюватися

17.to shell peas – лущити горох

18.to chop mint – нарізувати (кришити) м’яту

19.pursuit – заняття

10.to uphold (upheld)– підтримувати, захищати

Ex. 8. Give extended answers to the following questions:

1. Why do some British people tend to regard their own community as the centre of the world?

2. What is the attitude of British people to their monarchy?

3. How do you understand the British snobbery? Give some examples.

4. Can you give examples of British people's prudentness and carefulness?

5. What is the English people's attitude to animals?

6. How do Britons like to spend their week-ends?

7. What is the most popular leisure time for most English people?

Ex. 9. Write down the character features in the left column and the examples in the right. Say what is the origin of such striking features.

TALKING POINTS

• The British sense for law and order is well known. What do you think about the Briton’s habit to do everything in a certain way? Is it a good habit? What should parents (teachers) do to make their children (pupils) prudent and careful? What is your opinion?

• British people are also known as superior, snoblish, aloof, hypocritical and unsociable. Does this characteristic refer to all of them? What do you think about English vanity and arrogance? Can you give any examples borrowed from books and films characterizing British people? What do you think about the people of Great Britain?

• Everybody knows about the devotion of the English to animals. It is also known about their cruelty to children, even in schools. What do you think about all of this? Can you understand and explain the English people's attitude towards animals and children? What do you think about it?

Ex. 10. Environmental protection is a question of vital importance nowadays.Look through one more additional text and get ready to discuss the problem.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN GREAT BRITAIN

We are living in the time of rapid¹ scientific and technological progress, which is accompanied² by an increasing consumption³ of the world’s natural resources. Such vital sources of life as air, water, minerals as well as fauna and flora are being wasted and destroyed.

The protection of nature has become of international importance. Great Britain stresses the need for improvement of environmental protection too. Integrated pollution control restricts emissions to air, land and water from the most harmful process. Responsibility for pollution control rests with local and central government. Great Britain has adopted a phased programme of reductions in sulphur dioxide emissions⁴ from existing large combustion⁵ plants of up to 60 per cent by 2003. Over 95 per cent of petrol stations⁶ in Britain stock unleaded petrol. Strict controls have reduced carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxide⁷ emissions.

The Government worked out⁸ the rules for the use of the Earth’s atmosphere. Total emissions of smoke in the atmosphere have fallen by over 85 per cent since 1960. Sulphur dioxide emissions have fallen by about 40 per cent since 1970.

The Government is committed to the elimination of chlorofluorocarbons⁹, which damage the ozone layer¹⁰. They also contribute to the green-house effect, which leads to global warming and a rise in sea levels.

There are nearly 500,000 protected buildings and 7,000 conservation areas¹¹ of architectural or historical interest in Great Britain.

The Government attaches great importance to the protection of national parks (they cover 9 per cent of the total land area of England and Wales). Great care is taken of three regional parks and forty national scenic areas, which cover 13 per cent of Scotland. The territorial waters of most nations are already being spoiled, but the Nationals Rivers Authority of Great Britain protects its inland waters in England and Wales. In Scotland the river purification authorities are responsible for water pollution control.

Under such strict regime the mineral and other resources of the oceans and seas would become reserves not only for use by this generation but the following generations as well.

1. rapid – швидкий

2. accompanied – супроводжувати

3. consumption – поглинання

4. reductions in sulphur dioxide emissions – скорочення виділення діоксіду сірки

5. combustion – згоряння

6. petrol stations – бензоколонки

7. carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxide – монооксид вуглецю, вуглеводень та оксид азоту

8. worked out – розробили

9. the elimination of chlorofluorocarbons – знищення, усунення хлорофлюоровуглецю

10.ozone layer – озоновий шар

11.conservation area – охоронна зона

Ex.11 Use these questions discussing the environmental protection in the United Kingdom.

1. What programme has Great Britain adopted?

2. What did the Government work out for the use of the Earth’s atmosphere?

3. Which factors lead to global warming and a rise in sea levels?

4. How many protected buildings and conservation areas are there in Great Britain?

5. Why does the Government of Great Britain attach great importance to the protection of national parks and purification of the territorial waters?

Ex.12. Get acquianted with some more facts about Britain. Discuss the most interesting ones with your groupmates.

DO YOU KNOW THAT...

... the oldest dwelling house in Britain is considered to be the Fighting Cocks Inn which

was built in the year 800? The inn itself was opened much later, in 1543.

... the most ancient city in England is Chester?

... the highest mountain on the British Isles is Ben Nevis, in Scotland?

... there is one British island which has but one house on it; this is Jethro, one of the

Channel Islands?

... the narrowest street in Britain is Nelson Street in King's Lynn, near Norfolk? Here you can shake hands through the window with your neighbour across the street.

... the oldest working clock in the world is in Salisbury Cathedral, England? It dates from at least 1386.

... Isaac Newton served two terms in the British Parliament? During the two years he spent in the House of Commons, he never opened his mouth except once, when he asked someone in the gallery to open a window.

... April Fool's Day (the first of April) is called Cuckoo Day in Scotland, Fish Day in

France, Doll Day in Japan, and Boob Day in Spain?

... an astronomical clock, believed to have belonged to Sir Isaac Newton, was bought by

the Science Museum, South Kensington, for 7000 pounds? The clock was probably the

first constructed in England on heliocentric principle that the earth moves round the sun.

... a blind man, a student at the Royal National Institute for the Blind, could walk rapidly

along a London crowded street using ultrasonic spectacles that guided him by bouncing

echoes off obstacles?

... there is an old belief that the cuckoo is first seen each year in England on April 20? The English word "cuckoo" also means "foolish".

... the name which is most popular in Scotland is Smith? Scotland has 16 Smiths for every thousand people.

... when Indian colonizers began to settle in India, they began to import cotton textiles into Britain? Thus the English got to know Indian cotton textiles, which were the best in the world at the time.

... snails can live for many years without food? A very interesting thing happened in the

British Museum on March 7, 1850. A snail which was fixed to a tablet on March 25, 1846, and which everybody though was dead came out of its shell. After that the snail lived for a long time.

UNIT 2

LONDON

“When a man is tired of London, he is tired

of life: for there is in London all that life

can afford:”

Samual Johnson, 1977

“London is the most interesting, beautiful

and wonderful city in the world to me”

H.G.Wells,1911.

Section A

Ex.1. Listen to the following words and expressions and learn to pronounce them:

ancient commerce finance to attract to explore from abroad residence to host to spread, to extend chapel castle to be worth seeing wealth luxury high quality to be buried armour statue memorial at the bottom to be associated with appearance to be considered the stock Exchange advertisement unimpressive to be densely populated vehicle double-decker to carry

стародавній торгівля, комерція фінанси приваблювати досліджувати з-за кордону місце проживання, резиденція давати притулок простягатися церква, каплиця замок варто оглянути багатство розкіш висока якість бути похованим броня статуя пам’ятник біля підніжжя пов’язуватись з зовнішній вигляд вважатися фондова біржа реклама неприглядний бути щільно (густо) заселеним засіб пересування двоповерховий перевозити

Ex. 2. Get acquainted and repeat the names of the famous places in London after the speaker:

The West End the shopping and entertainment centre the Houses of Parliament Westminster Abbey Buckingham Palace Knightsbridge Oxford Street Piccadilly Circus Covent Garden the Tate Gallery the National Gallery the National Portrait Gallery the British Museum Whitehall Downing Street Regent Street Fleet Street

Westminster the government centre political centre Westminster Abbey Poet’s Corner Westminster Palace The Clock Tower Big Ben The City the financial and business centre Trafalgar Square St. Paul’s Cathedral Stock Exchange The East End the industrial centre a large seaport docks factories workshops

Ex.3. Read the following words with the stress

1. on the first syllable:

capital, city, area, commerce, famous, ancient, abbey, western, fashionable, luxury, residence, quality, visitor, chapel, jewels, armour, architect, monument, statue, densely, vehicle;

2. on the second syllable:

attract, abroad, historic, finance, among, associate, explore, consider, extend, divide, museum, advertisement, memorial, financial, appearance;

3. on the third syllable:

population, unattractive, unimpressive.

Ex.4. Practise connected reading:

of the nation’s commerce and finance, a great number of places of historic interest, tourists from the whole world, to explore its historic buildings, in the western part of London, traditionally divided into, includes the shopping area of Knightsbridge, among them are, the residence of the Prime Minister, is associated with wealth, goods of high quality, can be called quiet, one of them is, which is worth seeing, on the north bank of the Thames, two tall towers at the corners of the building, with the statue of Nelson at its top, over its 244 miles of route with 273 stations.

Ex. 5. Read and translate the words:

to attract, wealth, castle, to explore, high quality, statue, to spread, to be worth seeing, appearance, advertisement, to be buried, to carry, commerce, from abroad.

Ex. 6. Find in the text the English equivalents of the following words and word-combinations:

місцепроживання, простягуватися, стародавній, розкіш, церква, варто оглянути, біля підніжжя, бути густо заселеним, реклама, пов’язуватись з, непримітний, вважатись, броня, фондова біржа.

Ex. 7. Listen to the text: