Контрольная работа № 2

Для того чтобы правильно выполнить контрольную работу № 2, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка.

1. Особенности употребления и перевода неопределенных местоимений some и any и отрицательного местоимения no, а также их производных.

2. Функции глагола to be. Употребление to be в качестве глагола-связки, смыслового, вспомогательного и модального глагола.

3. Функции глагола to have. Употребление to have в качестве смыслового, вспомогательного и модального глагола.

4. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

5. Perfect Tenses (Active and Passive Voice).

6. Perfect Progressive Tenses (Active Voice)

7. Согласование времен.

Вариант 1

1. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности употребления местоимений some, any, no и производных от них.

1. Don’t sign anything until you have consulted the lawyer.

2. Nothing can warrant such severe punishment.

3. Some burglaries have been committed in this area recently.

4. Did she have any money with her at the moment of crime.

5. You have no grounds for complain.

6. Have you raised any bail?

7. Something is wrong with their contract.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите, является ли глагол to be смысловым, глаголом-связкой, вспомогательным или модальным. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. We are protesting against the brutal treatment of political prisoners.

2. He was at home on the night of the crime.

3. The basic responsibility of police is to fight crime and maintain order.

4. The new law was to come in force last week.

5. The committee members are examining the material now.

6. He is to be arrested on the suspicion of having stolen the money.

3. Определите, является ли глагол to have смысловым, вспомогательным или модальным. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык.

1. The hide-out of the gang was revealed and they had to surrender.

2. Drug trafficking has become the most organized, most professional and most profitable of all illegal activities.

3. Small departments have a separate detective unit but detectives handle all types of crime here.

4. The accused has been living in the same house for twenty years.

5. The applicant had to pass an examination before she could practice law.

6. The seller has to compensate for the losses suffered by the buyer.

4. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты. Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. In British law since the accused are considered to be innocent until they are proved guilty, the prosecution must prove their guilt.

2. The defence does not have to prove their innocence.

3. If there is doubt in the minds of the jury, the verdict must be “not guilty”.

4. In Scottish law, a jury may return a verdict of “not proven” (not proved), but even then the verdict is final and a person may not be tried twice for the same crime.

5. Until 1966 in England and Wales all the members of the jury had to be in agreement.

6. Now, at least ten of the twelve jury members must agree before a verdict can be given.

5. Перепишите следующие предложения. Выпишите из каждого глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. A man had been convicted of theft on circumstantial evidence.

2. My lawyer has never tried to appeal this case.

3. Different people have been suggested as possible killers.

4. The security officers have revealed that violence has become increasingly common.

5. The clerk has been collecting information on this matter of law for a fortnight.

6. The trial jury will have been selected by the beginning of hearing.

6. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на особенности перевода косвенной речи.

1. The man thought they would evade the law.

2. They wanted to know if the lawyers would take part in the negotiations.

3. He said he was a real estate agent.

4. He wondered if the agreement had been signed.

5. We were sure he had legated his house.

6. The secretary announced that the hearing of that case would begin at 9 a.m. sharp.

7. Прочитайте следующий текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык 2-й, 5-й и 6-й абзацы текста.

The need for law

1. When the world was at primitive stage, its laws were as primitive as the society. The more develop the society is the more complicated its legislation is. We have been waiting for ages to see the modern laws appear. Every community has made laws to protect its members from violence and to ensure the basic rights of individuals. Otherwise the stronger men can join together and terrorize the neighbourhood.

2. Without law one cannot go out in broad daylight without the fear of being kidnapped, robbed or murdered. There are more good people than bad ones, but there are enough of the bad to make law necessary in the interests of everyone.

3. It is quite obvious that sometimes even law-abiding people are not as good as they ought to be. If people never told lies, never took anything that didn’t belong to them, never refused to do anything that they ought to do, the society would still require some rules of behavior, i.e. laws to protect our social life. So we have to live according to some laws however good we may be. The law has to be provide for all kinds of possibilities. In the absence of law everybody can only rely upon the law of the jungle.

4. The main of each state power is to provide laws which help its people to live in satisfactory social conditions and as comfortably as possible. This is not at all an easy thing to do, and no country has been successful in producing laws which are entirely satisfactory. But the imperfect laws are still better than the complete absence of them.

5. Every country has its own legislation machinery and procedure. The procedure of adopting the law is different in each country but there are some similar stages. In the USA any congressman either in the House of Representatives or in the Senate or the President may initiate a new legislation. A bill is first introduced in the House of Representatives and then referred to one of the standing committees, which organizes hearing on it and may approve, amend or shelve the draft. In the Senate the procedure is much the same as in the House of Representatives. Finally the bill is to be signed by the President, who has the right to veto it. If the President vetoes a bill, it can still become a law, but only if it is passed by a two-thirds majority in both houses of Congress.

6. In Britain new legislation usually starts in the House of Lords. In each house a bill is considered in three stages, called readings. The first reading is purely formal; the second is usually the occasion for debate. After the second reading the bill is examined in details. If passed after its third reading it goes to the other house. Finally, the bill goes to the reigning monarch for the royal assent. Nowadays the royal assent is merely a formality.

Пояснения к тексту

to provide (for) – зд.: предусматривать;

a bill – законопроект;

to shelve – откладывать;

a draft – проект, черновик;

royal assent – королевская санкция, одобрение.

8. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов.

1. первобытный уровень (этап)

2. сложное законодательство

3. общество, сообщество

4. защищать от насилия

5. обеспечивать основные права

6. окрестность

7. средь бела дня

8. в интересах каждого

9. законопослушный

10. правила поведения

11. усовершенствовать

12. закон джунглей

13. несовершенный закон

14. механизм

15. предлагать (закон)

16. постоянный комитет

17. право наложить вето

18. проходить (о законе)

19. рассматривать в три этапа

20. царствующий монарх.

9. Найдите в 3-ем абзаце шесть случаев употребления модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов. Выпишите эти предложения, подчеркните модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.

10. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы к тексту.

1. Why can’t people live without law?

2. What is the aim of each state power?

3. Who initiates new legislation: a) in the USA, b) in the United Kingdom?

4. How many stages must the bill pass to become law in Great Britain?

5. Who has the right of veto: a) in the USA, b) in the United Kingdom?