What is engineering?

The engineering industry makes most of the things that are essential and useful: aerospace, cars, hospital equipment, telecommunications and even the humble kettle. Engineering also makes most of the things other industries need from cash dispensers and electronic mail for the banking industry to microphones and staging for the entertainment industry. In the production of everything from chocolates to the Channel Tunnel, the key individuals are the engineers. It's an industry that still contributes significantly to the wealth of the UK, the very diverse manufacturing industry sector alone generates around a third of the national wealth and employs approximately 32 percent of the working population.

In recent years, engineering has changed out of all recognition. The sheer speed of change in many manufacturing technologies is startling. Thanks to the introduction of computers and new technologies like Virtual Reality, people are more in control than ever. This also means the engineering employers are looking for people with a wider range of skills and personalities: from lone-theorists to more gregarious and practical individuals; from managers who can handle people, lead teams and solve problems, to creative designers with a keen sense of market realities. Engineering needs them all — women as well as men.

VI. Translate these sentences into Ukrainian.

1. In designing even a simple machine complicated and specialized calculations are needed.

2. Thanks to the introduction of computers and new technologies people are more in control than ever.

3. In recent years engineering has changed out of all recognition.

4. The main divisions of engineering are mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, civil engineering, structural engineering and chemical engineering.

5. Any branch of engineering may require the special services of specialists from various branches.

VII. Find attributes in the following word combinations. Translate them.

Hospital equipment, entertainment industry, industry sector, market reality, steam engine, machine expert, tool designer, power line.

VIII. State the Infinitives of the following Participle II of irregular verbs. Translate them – led, taken, found, made, thought, had, said, gone, got, become.

3 курс 1 семестр

Контрольна робота № 3

І. In the following sentences find the Infinitive Constructions (Complex Object, Complex Subject) and translate them into Ukrainian:

1. The reaction was found to run under reduced pressure.

2. This substance seems to possess useful properties.

3. Any substance is known to consist of billions of atoms and molecules.

4. He is supposed to be working at his report.

5. This modification of the method seems to be of great value.

II. Check if you know the Participle Complexes (Constructions) and translate the sentences with them into Ukrainian:

1. The resistance being very large, the current in circuit was small.

2. Having been carefully tested the device was put into operation.

3. The student knowing English well, the exam did not last long.

4. The problem being very simple, everybody understood it at once.

5. He saw all his plants destroyed.

III. Define the tense-forms in the following sentences and translate them into Ukrainian:

1. The air is supersaturated.

2. We considered many questions concerning this particular problem.

3. The new device had been tested for two hours when the chef engineer came and stopped the experiment.

4. At this time tomorrow the new magnetic gear will be installed.

5. In an effort to overcome these difficulties a great deal of experimental work has been carried out by the specialists.

IV. State the function of the –ing forms in these sentences and translate them:

1. His having carried out the measurements so easily doesn’t surprise us.

2. The rule against visitors entering the lab at the time of the experiment is strict.

3. Their having failed to distinguish between these phenomena seems strange enough.

4. Increasing the pressure we increase the force of friction.

5. The escaping electrons flow from the cathode to the plate.

V. Translate the text into Ukrainian: