Контрольная работа Вариант 4

1. Переведите предложения, определите функции слова one:

1. A court may consist of one judge and a jury or only one judge and one clerk, or it may be a tribunal including a number of judges. 2. The presidency of the U.S. is one of the many governmental offices. 3. One of the purposes of jurisprudence is to explain legal concepts. 4. A court of first instance is one which first examines a case in substance and brings in a sentence or decision.

2. Переведите предложения, укажите функцию слов that, those:

1. That bill will become a law only if it is enacted by the majority (2/3) in both houses of Congress. 2. We know that more serious cases are heard in the Crown Court, where the judge is always a legal expert. 3. Sentences passed by the Crown Court are more severe than those of Magistrates' Courts. 4. Scotland has its own legal system different in many ways from that of England and Wales. 5. Judgments and sentences excluding those passed by the Supreme Court may be appealed against in a court of higher instance.

3. Прочитайте и переведите Текст 1. Абзацы 1, 2, 3 переведите письменно.

Текст 1

International Law

1. We live in a time in which we are confronted with difficult questions concerning the destiny of the world, the future of the human race. Those questions are related in one way or another to the survival of nations, to man’s life and development. Many countries face similar social, economic and political problems and consequently have adopted similar legal solutions. Some areas of the law such as intellectual property and human rights, are particularly concerned with developing laws which are valid internationally.

2. There are two main kinds of international law: private and public. The former concerns the role of foreign laws within a particular country, while public international law deals with relations between states. International law is not new. Nations have always made political and economic treaties with each other. Nevertheless, most international law has been created in the twentieth century.

3. Among the most important international issues nowadays is the problem of elimination from the life of society of war as a means of settling disputes. All countries must work out universally recognized principles of peaceful coexistence of states with different socio-economic systems. This approach is based on the realization that today it is no longer possible to win the arms race, just as it is impossible to win in a nuclear war. The level of armaments stockpiled by all the opposing parties puts them all at the equal risk of being annihilated.

4. International humanitarian issues also include international legal settlement of armed conflicts and protection of their victims. In pursuing this policy, the international community has worked out a number of conventions and other legal instruments. Man’s tremendous technological progress has created the need for all countries to fight for survival in the sphere of ecology. It has been calculated that today the world economy releases into the atmosphere an annual 200 million tons of carbon monoxide; more than 50 million tons of hydrocarbons, 120 million tons of ashes, and I50 million tons of sulphur dioxide. The latter get back at us in the form of acid rain which is gradually destroying the forests in Europe. Other problems have also assumed disastrous proportions. They demand urgent solution and concerted action.

5. Another international humanitarian problem is combating international terrorism. Terrorism not only takes the lives of innocent people but destabilizes international relations. It is a gross violation of human rights. International humanitarian problems can be resolved only on the basis of universally accepted binding principles and rules of contemporary international law.

6. Based on the principles of state sovereignty, territorial integrity of states, peaceful settlements of disputes, non-interference in internal affairs, respect of human rights and basic freedoms, self determination of nations and other principles, international law performs a stabilising function in the system of international relations today.

4. Выпишите из текста английские эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений: мирное сосуществование; территориальная целостность; устранение войны; урегулирование международных конфликтов; гонка вооружений; осуществлять политику; незаконны оборот наркотиков; нарушение прав человека; взаимная выгода; сторона (договора); договор; обязательные принципы и правила.