Writing

Summarise the information in writing by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. (Write at least 150 words.)

TIPS

• Focus on the most important aspects of any data you are given. Do not quote the data mechanically. Link your ideas together naturally while referring to specific data.

• Think about the most significant changes over time or the key points of comparison between different categories.

• Organise your description of the data around these key points, and include any relevant secondary points.

The bar chart below shows the percentage of students who participated in the research work at the university, by subject and gender, during the period 2015-2016.

Topics for discussion

1. Read these statements about research and science.

2. Decide whether you agree or disagree with the statements (1 = agree strongly; 2 = agree; 3 = not sure ; 4 = don’t agree; 5 = disagree strongly).

3. Guess your partner’s opinions about the same statement.

4. Summarize the results of the questionnaire and discuss the following questions:

• How important is research?

• Would you like to work as a researcher?

• What are the biggest breakthroughs researchers have made recently?

questionnaire

I would enjoy doing practical research.

Most people can carry out research.

Theoretical research is boring.

Anything we need to know can be found out through science.

Researchers are always interested in better explanations of things.

If one researcher says an idea is true, all other researchers should believe it.

Only highly trained scientists can understand science.

Electronics are examples of the really valuable products of science.

Scientific questions are answered by practical research.

Researchers must report what exactly they investigate.

UNIT 13

Innovation and TECHNOLOGy

part – I

LEAD-IN

Exercise 1. Answer the following question.

1. Why is innovation so important?

2. How can high technologies and innovations change the world?

Exercise 2. Match the words in the left-hand column with those in the right to make common collocations. Use them in your own sentences.

gridlocked genetic human virtual global

reality village affinity traffic genome controller modification

Exercise 3. Give the Russian equivalents to the following expressions:

An important topic of study, poorly understood, to satisfy a specific need, expectations of the customers, turning point, ideas applied by the company, consumer culture, act of intellectual creativity, evolutionary innovations, discontinuous innovations.