АНГЛИЙСКИЙ

ЮНИТ 22

Правильно произнести слова: Precisely

Identify

Circling

Maintenance

Weapon

Engage

Surveyor

Missile

Munitions

Guidance

Reconnaissance

Words to be learnt

Recisely identify – точно определять

By measuring – путем измерения

Ongoing maintenance – постоянно ведущиеся эксплуатационные работы

Recreational – прогулочный, развлекательный, для отдыха

surveyor – наблюдатель

Commonplace – привычная вещь

To span – охватывать, включать

Saving – сбережения, спасение

To flag - сигнализировать

To keep track - проследить

Turning - хронирование

Unmanned monitoring station – автоматическая станция

Master control station – ведущая станция контроля

Uplinks – спутниковый канал связи

Text

Global Positioning System is a network of satellites that continuously

transmit coded information, which makes it possible to precisely identify

locations on earth by measuring distance from the satellites. GPS stands for

Global Positioning System, and refers to a group of U.S. Department of

Defense satellites constantly circling the earth. The satellites transmit very

low power radio signals allowing anyone with a GPS receiver to determine

their location on Earth.

This remarkable system was not cheap to build, costing the U.S. bil-

lions of dollars. Ongoing maintenance, including the launch of replacement

satellites, adds to the cost of the system. GPS actually predates the intro-

duction of the personal computer. The designers originally had a military

application in mind. The first satellite navigation system, Transit, used by

the United States Navy, was first successfully tested in 1960. It used a con-

stellation of five satellites and could provide a navigational fix approx-

imately once per hour. In 1967, the U.S. Navy developed the Timation sa-

tellite which proved the ability to place accurate clocks in space, a technol-

ogy that GPS relies upon. In the 1970s, the ground-based Omega Naviga-

tion System, based on phase comparison of signal transmission from pairs

of stations, became the first worldwide radio navigation system. The de-

sign of GPS is based partly on similar ground-based radio navigation sys-

tems, such as LORAN and the Decca Navigator developed in the early

1940s, and used during World War II. The military applications of GPS

span many purposes:

● Navigation: GPS allows soldiers to find objectives in the dark or in

unfamiliar territory, and to coordinate the movement of troops and supplies.

The GPS-receivers that commanders and soldiers use are respectively called

the Commanders Digital Assistant and the Soldier Digital Assistant.

● Target tracking: Various military weapons systems use GPS to track

potential ground and air targets before they are flagged as hostile. These wea-

pon systems pass GPS co-ordinates of targets to precision-guided munitions

to allow them to engage the targets accurately. Military aircraft, particularly

those used in air-to-ground roles use GPS to find targets.

● Missile and projectile guidance: GPS allows accurate targeting of