Active Vocabulary

1. demolition разрушение, уничтожение; снос

2. source ресурс, источник, начало, первопричина

3. landfill полигон для захоронения отходов, свалка

4. to recycle повторно использовать (материал), перерабатывать для вторичного использования

5. to reveal открывать; разоблачать, показывать, обнаруживать

6. drinkable water питьевая вода

7. disposal requirements требования по утилизации

8. useful life срок эксплуатации; эксплуатационный период

9. superior лучший, превосходный, высшего качества

10. virgin (здесь) первичный, непереработанный

11. constructability технологичность строительства

12. yield выработка; выход (продукции)

13. hauling перевозка, транспортирование, доставка

14. limestone известняк (Ca CO3)

15. recycled crushed aggregate (RCA) переработанный щебёночный заполнитель

16. volumetric expansion объемное расширение

17. premature deterioration преждевременный износ

18. harmful contaminants вредные примеси

19. grading градуирование, сортировка, маркировка, классификация

20. in lieu of вместо

21. impurity примесь, (постороннее) включение,

загрязнение; грязь

22. reclaimed восстановленный

Control tests test I

Decide whether these statements are true or false:

1. a). With the limited supply of natural materials, waste is used as an alternative fuel and a raw material in the production of cement.

b). With the limited supply of natural materials, concrete recycling has gained much importance.

c). With the limited supply of natural materials, approximately 25% of recycled crushed aggregate may be used in lieu of the conventional aggregate.

2. a). The quality of recycled concrete is low since the harmful contaminants cannot be eliminated completely.

b). The quality of recycled concrete is not satisfactory as building concrete may contain a few contaminants like plaster, gypsum and vinyl.

c). The quality of recycled concrete is identical, or superior in a few specifications, compared to virgin aggregates.

3. a). Sulphation of the recycled crushed aggregates may occur due to the reaction of plaster and gypsum in a moist environment.

b). Sulphation of the recycled crushed aggregates should be determined to achieve a quality product.

c). Sulphation of the recycled crushed aggregates should be considered analytically before the decision is taken to replace virgin aggregate.

4. a). Recycled crushed aggregate should be avoided since it affects the quality of concrete produced.

b). Recycled crushed aggregate provides durability and workability of the concrete.

c). Recycled crushed aggregate normally produces a good quality aggregate that varies with the source of debris and the impurities present in the rubble.

5. a). One of the foremost concerns is impurities present in the rubble.

b). One of the foremost concerns is the chemical reaction that may occur between the alkaline water and the recycled crushed aggregate.

c). One of the foremost concerns is aggregate grading as an important issue that should be considered while using recycled crushed aggregate.