Active Vocabulary

1. powder порошок, пыль

2. waste material отходы

3. alkali-aggregate reaction щелочная реактивность заполнителей, реакция заполнителей на воздействие щелочей

4. replacement замена

5. mortar строительный раствор

6. construction site строительная площадка

7. ready-mixed concrete товарная бетонная смесь, бетонная смесь заводского изготовления

8. cellular ячеистый, пористый

9. workability удобоукладываемость (бетонной, растворной смеси), удобообрабатываемость (материала), применимость; годность

10. creep медленное относительное перемещение, сдвиг, наклон

11. negligible незначительный, не принимаемый в расчет

12. thawing оттаивание, размораживание

13. permeability проницаемость, коэффициент фильтрации

14. leaching выщелачивание, продукт выщелачивания

15. substantial прочный, крепкий; существенный

16. consumption потребление, расход, затрата

17. researcher исследователь

18. to induce вызывать, побуждать, индуцировать

19. environment окружающая среда, внешние условия, окружающая обстановка, окружение

20. hazard (потенциальная) опасность, риск, опасный фактор; вредный фактор

21. equal одинаковый, равный

22. plain (здесь) простой, обыкновенный

Control tests test I

Decide whether these statements are true or false:

1. a). Fly ash is a finely divided powder classified into two types on the basis of its chemical composition.

b). Fly ash is a finely divided powder produced from burning anthracite or bituminous coal.

c). Fly ash is a finely divided powder thrown out as a waste material at the thermal power plants using pulverized coal.

2. a). Fly ash is an industrial waste that can be used for manufacturing concrete blocks.

b). Fly ash is an industrial waste and great hazard for our environment.

c). Fly ash is an industrial waste and a vital ingredient of all the concrete products.

3. a). The use of fly ash as a part replacement of cement in mortar and concrete at the construction site has been made all over the world.

b). The use of fly ash as a part replacement of cement in mortar and concrete requires less energy for pumping.

c). The use of fly ash as a part replacement of cement in mortar and concrete is widely spread in structural fill applications.

4. a). Fly ash increases the modulus of elasticity of concrete when it contains some quantities of non-combustible minerals.

b). Fly ash increases the modulus of elasticity of concrete when it contains molten particles rich in silica, alumina, and calcium.

c). Fly ash increases the modulus of elasticity of concrete when concretes of the same strength with and without fly ash are compared.

5. a). Researchers have proved that concrete with approved quality fly ash contains a low concentration of lime and a high concentration of silica, aluminum, and iron.

b). Researchers have proved that concrete with approved quality fly ash does not induce corrosion of reinforcing steel even in marine and industrial aggressive environments.

c). Researchers have proved that concrete with approved quality fly ash can be used in places where the concrete may be exposed to sulphate ions in ground and water.