Active Vocabulary

1. crack трещина

2. surface поверхность, внешняя сторона

3. to avoid избегать, отменять, уничтожать

4. quantity количество, величина

5. proper надлежащий, правильный, подходящий

6. flowability текучесть

7. to evaporate испарять(ся)

8. to shrink сокращаться, сжиматься

9. sufficient достаточный

10. requirement требование, потребность

11. random случайный, произвольный

12. to restrain сдерживать, ограничивать

13. surrounding близлежащий, соседний

14. grout жидкий раствор; заливать раствором

15. subsequent последующий

16. reinforcement усиление, арматура

17. to rust ржаветь

18. spalling расслаивание, разрушение

19. flaky слоистый

20. to occur происходить, случаться

21. topping верхний

22. seal coat финишное покрытие

Control tests test I

Decide whether these statements are true or false:

1. a). Most of the time cracks could be avoided by increasing the flowability of the cement concrete.

b). Most of the time cracks could be avoided by using proper concrete mix proportions.

c). Most of the time cracks could be avoided by using structural support.

2. a). Control joints give room for shrinkage and thus control joints help in avoiding random cracks.

b). Control joints give room for shrinkage and thus control joints help in increasing the material's tensile strength.

c). Control joints give room for shrinkage and thus control joints help in resisting the effects of shrinkage.

3. a). Water increases the flowability of the cement concrete and thus decreases the number of cracks, developing in the concrete.

b). Water increases the flowability of the cement concrete and thus increases the ease of its use.

c). Water increases the flowability of the cement concrete and thus can cause some portions of the slab to expand.

4. a). The hydration process gives strength to the concrete but also needs sufficient water.

b). The hydration process gives strength to the concrete but also gives to concrete a rough, flaky surface.

c). The hydration process gives strength to the concrete but also can be a major cause of cracks in large concrete applications.

5. a). Many items made from concrete contain metal reinforcement, which helps resist the effects of shrinkage.

b). Many items made from concrete contain metal reinforcement, which helps the surface layer dry faster than interior layers.

c). Many items made from concrete contain metal reinforcement, which helps increase the material's tensile strength.

Test II

Match words in columns A and B (synonym match):

A B

1. common a). simple b). wide

c). long d). general

2. civil a). great b). nonmilitary

c). aware d). familiar

3. to shrink a). to add b). to absorb

c). to contract d). to shape

4. to evaporate a). to involve b). to vaporize

c). to estimate d). to mount

5. beneath a). under b). through

c). behind d). above

6. to erode a). to accomplish b). to employ

c). to disrupt d). to record

7. to shift a). to dislocate b). to gather

c). to defense d). to provide

8. to suffer a). to train b). to experience

c). to detach d). to pay

9. expansion a). framing b). function

c). erection d). extension

10. to appear a). to use b). to derive

c). to show up d). to survive