Active Vocabulary

1. post-tensioning напряжение стальной арматуры и сжатие бетона после его заливки

2. pre-stressed предварительно напряженный

3. to retain сохранять, удерживать

4. flexibility гибкость

5. cast-in-place с отливкой на месте

6. to elevate поднимать, повышать

7. internal внутренний

8. counteract противодействовать

9. service load полезная нагрузка

10. jobsite стройплощадка

11. tendon элемент напрягаемой арматуры; арматурный пучок

12. formwork опалубка для бетона

13. to squeeze сжимать, сдавливать

14. substantial существенный, значительный

15. tensile force растягивающая сила, сила растяжения

16. to subject подвергать

17. to bend изгибать(ся)

18. to crack трескаться, раскалывать(ся)

19. to embed внедрять, вставлять, врезать; to embed in concrete - забетонировать

20. slab плита

21. advantage преимущество, благоприятное положение

22. span диапазон, интервал, промежуток

TEST I

Decide whether these statements are true or false:

1. a). When the steel is tensioned before concrete placement, the process is called pre-tensioning.

b). When the steel is tensioned before concrete placement, internal forces are applied to it.

c). When the steel is tensioned before concrete placement, the concrete is subject to compression.

2. a). The internal forces are applied by tensioning high-strength steel, which can be done before the concrete is placed.

b). The internal forces are applied by tensioning high-strength steel, which can be done after the concrete is placed.

c). The internal forces are applied by tensioning high-strength steel, which can be done either before or after the concrete is placed.

3. a). Because pre-tensioning requires specially designed casting beds, it is used extensively in bridges, elevated slabs, residential foundations, etc.

b). Because pre-tensioning requires specially designed casting beds, the cast-in-place method of building concrete structures is employed.

c). Because pre-tensioning requires specially designed casting beds, it is used generally in the precast manufacturing process.

4. a). Post-tensioning is done onsite by introducing internal forces (or stress) into a concrete.

b). Post-tensioning is done onsite by installing post-tensioning tendons within the concrete formwork.

c). Post-tensioning is done onsite by tensioning high-strength steel.

5. a). When a concrete floor slab is subjected to forces, it flexes and bends.

b). When a concrete floor slab is subjected to forces, the building materials are put into their strongest states.

c). When a concrete floor slab is subjected to forces, it can cause its cracking.

Test II

Match words in columns A and B (synonym match):

A B

1. to enable a). to bring b). to allow

c). to join d). to guess

2. application a). gravity b). joist

c). framing d). use

3. to conceive a). to devise b). to mean

c). to establish d). to reduce

4. extensively a). usually b). typically

c). broadly d). realistically

5. placement a). allocation b). axis

c). accumulation d). delineation

6. to squeeze a). to cost b). to reduce

c). to compress d). to involve

7. apart a). however b). piecemeal

c). notwithstanding d). also

8. to describe a). to surround b). to accomplish

c). to qualify d). to depict

9. to handle a). to brace b). to include

c). to hold d). to install

10. to obtain a). to achieve b). to point

c). to enclose d). to suspend