Active Vocabulary

1. formwork опалубка

2. to benefit приносить пользу, помогать

3. durability долговечность

4. to ensure обеспечивать

5. to pour заливать

6. to monitor контролировать

7. plywood фанера

8. to dispose располагать; определять

9. to harden затвердевать

10. releaser разъединяющее средство, материал или вещество

11. bond соединение

12. surface поверхность

13. to accomplish выполнять, завершать

14. unyielding недеформируемый, неподатливый

15. to deteriorate ухудшать, разрушаться

16. cracking растрескивание

17. state-of-the-art современный

18. welding сварка

19. alloy сплав

20. flexibility гибкость

21. to sacrifice жертвовать

22. injury повреждение

Control tests test I

Decide whether these statements are true or false:

1. a). Due to economical way of working with the concrete, it is widely being used as a structural construction material.

b). Due to withstanding compression, bending and tensile stresses, concrete is widely being used as a structural construction material.

c). Due to low cost, strength, durability, and other favorable mechanical properties, concrete is widely being used as a structural construction material.

2. a). To reduce transportation costs and ensure rapid construction, it is essential that the relative humidity level inside the concrete does not drop lower 90%.

b). To reduce transportation costs and ensure rapid construction, it is essential that the concrete is formed according to the requirements at the construction site.

c). To reduce transportation costs and ensure rapid construction, it is essential that the fresh concrete can be pumped through a system of pipes or hoses to the site by special concrete pumps.

3. a). The concrete pressure on formwork should be monitored carefully.

b). The concrete pressure on formwork should eliminate any drag that concrete can cause on the shutters to prevent its free upward movement.

c). The concrete pressure on formwork should ensure that all parts of the slipform shuttering move simultaneously.

4. a). Parting agents are used for retaining the necessary shape by the concrete masses.

b). Parting agents are used for the easy separation of the form materials from hardened concrete.

c). Parting agents are used for leaving inserts for openings like doors and windows.

5. a). The cement quality deteriorates if pools of water are allowed to form on the surface.

b). The cement quality deteriorates if excessive water is used.

c). The cement quality deteriorates if mineral and chemical admixtures are added.

Test II

Match words in columns A and B (synonym match):

A B

1. to benefit a). to accomplish b). to support

c). to suspend d). to enclose

2. favorable a). durable b). special

c). proper d). advantageous

3. carefully a). cautiously b). mainly

c). gradually d). rather

4. waste a). failure b). crack

c). refuse d). effort

5. prevention a). property b). preclusion

c). apprentice d). investigation

6. to affect a). to join b). to exceed

c). to need d). to influence

7. state-of-the-art a). advanced b). strong

c). impressive d). solid

8. to sacrifice a). to award b). contribute

c). to control d). to increase

9. flexibility a). requirement b). resistance

c). distortion d). versatility

10. injury a). transfer b). damage

c). stress d). capacity