Verbs Nouns

1 mean 1 solving

2 follow 2 arrival

3 solve 3 departure

4 arrive 4 meaning

5 depart 5 memory

6 memorize 6 following

Exercise 12

Give the noun forms of the following by adding the suffixes –tion or –ment.

Automate, equip, develop, inform, indicate, communicate, combine, prepare, connect, graduate, operate.

Exercise 13

Find the pairs of synonyms.

1 faculty 1 motion

2 branch 2 to supply

3 railroad 3 to link

4 velocity 4 department

5 to connect 5 field

6 nowadays 6 railway

7 movement 7 at present

8 to provide 8 speed

9 modern 9 up-to-date

Exercise 14

Translate the following sentences.

1. The ATC Department trains electrical engineers for the railway transport.

2. The graduates of the ATC Department work in the field of the automation and telemechanics and railway communications.

3. Our speciality is automation and telemechanics.

4. Automation finds wide application on the railway transport.

5. Automatic equipment ensures fail-safe running of trains.

6. Due to the automation the efficiency of railway traction is raised.

Exercise 15

Answer the questions on the text.

1. What specialists does the ATC Department train?

2. What do the students prepare themselves for?

3. What are the laboratories equipped with?

4. What do the students study at the laboratories?

5. In what fields of railway transport do the graduates of the ATC Department work?

6. What is your speciality?

7. Is automaton widely used on the railway transport?

8. What simplest devices of ATC do you know?

9. What does radio inform us about?

10. What does an indicating panel show?

11. What functions do the systems of ATC perform on the railway transport?

Exercise 16

Ask your friend:

1. what department he studies at.

2. what specialists the ATC Department trains.

3. in what field of railway transport he will work.

4. if automatic control is widely used on the railway transport.

5. what we mean by “An Automatic Train Operation System”.

6. if automation offers any advantages.

Exercise 17

Say if statements are true or false. Correct the false ones.

1. The graduates of the ATC Department solve problems connected with the automation of production at various plants.

2. The students do not work at the laboratories.

3. Many graduates of the ATC Department work in the field of automation of agricultural processes.

4. Automation is not widely used on the railway transport.

5. It is not necessary for the students to know some simplest devices of ATC.

Exercise 18

Translate the text using the words given below the text.

The ATC Department of our academy trains electrical engineers for the railway transport. The graduates of the ATC Department work in the field of the automation and telemechanics and in the field of railway communications. Our speciality is railway communications.

At the academy the students master the practical and theoretical fundamentals of their future speciality. At the laboratories of the Academy, which are equipped with modern apparatus we study communication systems used on the railway transport. We also prepare ourselves for solving problems connected with developing and operating the most up-to-date communication systems.

One must say that the fail-safe operation of the railway transport is closely linked with the reliable communication systems.

Communication is the information system, which provides exchange of information. It was in 1837 that Samuel Morse devised the first electric telecommunication system, the telegraph. Since that time the art of transmission of massages has become greatly improved.

The importance of communication is rapidly increasing due to the automation of industrial processes in all braches of economics including the railway transport.

At present railways make use of the most up-to-date wire and wireless communication systems. Wireless or radio is the only method of communication between stationary and mobile objects. That is why radio communication is widely used on the railway transport.

1. master - оволодіти

2. one must - треба, слід

3. fail-safe - безперебійний

4. operation - робота, праця; дія; управління;

експлуатація

5. link - з’єднувати, зв’язувати

6. reliable - надійний

7. provide - забезпечувати

8. exchange - обмін

9. message - повідомлення

10. improve - поліпшувати, удосконалити

11. importance - важливість

12. rapid - швидкий, скорий

13. increase - збільшуватися

14. branch - галузь

15. include - включати

16. wire - провід, дріт; телеграф;

телефонний

17. wireless - радiо, радіоприймач;

безпровідний

Exercise 19

Translate the following groups of words.

1. simple, simply, simplify

2. rely, reliable, reliability

3. special, specialist, speciality, specialize, specialization

4. prepare, preparative, preparatory, preparation

5. improve, improved, improvement

6. memory, memorize

7. rapid, rapidly

8. to train, trainee, training

9. to use, the use, usage

Exercise 20

Translate the given antonyms.

dependent - independent

advantage - disadvantage

arrive - depart

arrival - departure

modern - old

stationary - mobile

wire - wireless

Exercise 21

Translate the following word combinations.

1. automatic systems; automatic control systems; to solve the problems; for solving problems; after graduating; after reading; after translating; the only system; the only transport; the only method;

2. the departments of our academy; the students of our department; the laboratories of the Academy; the automation of railways; the graduates of ATC Department; automation of processes; systems of automation; functions of automatic control; functions of automatic traffic control; in the field of automation; devices of ATC; operation of the railway transport; automation of industrial processes; branches of economics;

3. the problems connected with the automation; the problems are connected with the automation; the laboratories equipped with modern apparatus; the systems used on railway transport; the systems are used on railway transport; the automation used on railway transport; the automation is used on railway transport; the work linked with communication systems; the work is linked with communication systems.

Exercise 22

Translate the following sentences.

1. The ATC Department trains electrical engineers for the railway transport.

2. The graduates of the ATC Department work in the field of automation and telemechanics and railway communications.

3. The fail-safe operation of the railway transport is linked with the reliable communication systems.

4. Up-to-date communication systems permit to convey information at any distance.

5. At the Academy the students study wire and wireless systems of communication.

6. Wireless system of communication is radio communication.

7. Radio communication is widely used on the railway transport.

8. Radio enables to speed track work.

9. Loudspeaker communication is used in the classification yards.

10. A great number of various types of communication apparatus have been developed.

11. At present scientists are developing new communication systems.

Exercise 23

Answer the questions on the text.

1. What specialists does the ATC Department train?

2. In what fields of railway transport do the graduates of the ATC Department work?

3. What is your specialty?

4. What do the students master?

5. What do the students study at the laboratories?

6. What are the laboratories equipped with?

7. What is the fail-safe operation of the railway transport linked with?

8. What is communication?

9. When was the first electric telecommunication system devised?

10. Who devised the telegraph?

11. What systems of communication do railways make use of at present?

12. What method of communication is used between stationary and mobile objects?

Exercise 24

Ask your friend:

1 what department he studies at.

2 what specialists the ATC Department trains.

3 what his speciality is.

4 what the railway transport needs for its fail-safe operation.

5 by what means communication can be accomplished.

6 what communication systems the railways make use of at present.

7 what the telephone communication provides.

8 when the telegraph communication is used.

9 what radio communication is.

10 if radio is only method of communication between stationary and mobile objects.

11. where the loudspeaker communication is used.

TEXT 2

RAILWAY AUTOMATION AND TELEMECHANICS

1. The ATC Department of the State Academy of Railway Transport trains electrical engineers for the railway transport for working – in the field of automation and telemechanics and in the field of railway communications. The graduates of the ATC Department work at different enterprises of the country as well as at the research and designing institutions. They deal with the developing and operating the most up-to-date train control systems and communication systems.

2. Automation has found wide application on the railway transport. An “Automatic Train Operation Systems” is a railway system where all the railway train movements, such as accelerating, braking, switching, etc. should be performed automatically by electronic and electromechanical devices from a central control point. Automation offers several advantages: 1.safety is improved; 2. the economic efficiency of railway traction is raised; 3. the line capacity is increased; 4. comfort is improved.

3. Two independent systems have been adopted for automatic railway operation: a control system in the vehicle itself, and a safety system which makes use of information transmitted from the line. Scientists have created automatic equipment ensuring a high traffic capacity of railway lines and the safe running of trains.

4. At present the systems of automation, telemechanics and communication perform the most complicated functions of automatic traffic control and transmission of information which is necessary for fail-safe working of railways. The electronically operated systems of signal interlocking, for example, perform the basic function of all railway signalling apparatus. Increasing the train weights, speeds and carrying capacity of the railway sections must be accompanied by enhancing the safety of the train movements. An important role in fulfilling all these tasks belongs to the systems of automation, telemechanics and communications.

5. The development of automation in each control system has the effects of simplifying the remote control system, shortening the control time, improving the reliability and extending the controllable area designed to each central controller. Nowadays the automatic block-signalling installations control the train movements at waysides. The modern interlocking systems enable an attendant to control the points and signals of the whole station.

6. Centralized Traffic Control (CTC) is also one of the modern installations used on the railway transport. It is the centralized control system, which is installed at stations. Station interlocking may be controlled either locally from the station panels or remotely by the operator at the CTC installation. This system permits the dispatcher alone to operate the train movements at the 100-150 km sections.

7. At the sections where trains travel at 200 km/h train speed is controlled by the multi-aspect automatic cab signalling system. This system provides continuous transmission of aspects from the track to the locomotive.

8. One of the most perfect systems of automation and telemechanics developed for classification yards is the installation of automatic hump interlocking and automated hump marshalling of trains. This system is designed for the automatic control of the speed of cuts down a hump.

9. The fail-safe operation of the railway transport is closely linked with the reliable systems of telegraph, telephone and radio communications. With increasing speed of train movements from 100-200km/h to 200-250 km/h that is expected in the near future particularly great demand is made of radio channels.

10. At present scientists and designers in the field of railway automation, telemechanics and communications work at the development of complicated cybernetic systems of train operation that are based on the wide application of computers and computing technology. Thus, on the basis of computing technology the systems of train operation at long sections - Automatic Dispatcher and Automatic Pilot for underground trains - have already been developed in our country.