Вариант 1

1. В следующих предложениях определите по грамматическим признакам, и какую функцию выполняет окончание -s, т.е. служит ли оно: а) показателем 3-го лица ед. ч. глагола в Present Simple (Indefinite); б) показателем множественного числа имени существительного; в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного. Предложения переведите на русский язык.

1. A newly born calf weighs between 60-100 pounds. 2. Farmers' interests lay in the livestock improvement. 3. Cows are domestic animals. 4. Most of the arable farms are in the eastern part of the country. 5. Many countries in the world have different types of agriculture.

2. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.

2. A village farm is well-equipped with new diary machines. 2. The most prominent Russia veterinarians work at the problem of cattle reproduction. 3. The University library is well-stocked with agricultural literature. 4. Goods Center is one of the best one in our region.

3. Переведите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения.

1. The pig is smaller than the cow. 2. The better you learn your speciality the better you can practise. 3. Mechnikov was the most outstanding scientist and practitioner.

4. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимания на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.

1. At some of our farms there are elevators others do not have them. 2. Any student of our group can speak for hours about his farm. 3. Nobody can find out the reason of the disease.

5. Определите в следующие предложения видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; предложения переведите на русский язык.

1. The calf receives colostrum, the mammary secretion produced by the cow immediately following parturition. 2. Though some cows have lived 17 years or more, the average cow is culled or dies between five and six years of age. 3. A deficiency of niacin was one of the causative factors in pellagra. 4. Popular scientists were working there for some period of time.

6. Прочтите и письменно переведите текст.

LIVE STOCK IMPROVEMENT

1. The business of the breeder who sets out to improve his herd rather than merely to multiply it is to build up a certain combination of valuable hereditary characters – that is, to produce a good type of animal that will breed true to its good qualities. Obviously the first essential is a definite object, a clearly conceived ideal type. Our ideal animal should be that which would convert its food into meat or wool, milk, or work, as the case may be, with a maximum efficiency.

2. In certain cases it is easy to devise a simple and direct test of economic worth. It is so, for example, in the case of milk or of wool production because it is possible in both instances to determine both the yield and quality of the product and to take such determinations as a basis for selection. The usefulness of a work animal is more difficult to assess, because no final judgement can be reached until the end of its working life. With meat-producing animals, again, no complete or definite information can be obtained on such important points as the quality of the meat, or the proportion of carcass to offal, until they will slaughter the animal. In general, however, any direct test is preferable to a mere inference based on the animals’ outward appearance, and there is an increasing tendency to apply such direct tests wherever possible. The efficiency of the animal in converting food into one can express as a ratio between its weight increment and its food consumption.

3. It is important to note that improvement implies the closer adaptation of the animal to the environment in which it will breed. For example, the type of sheep that has been bred for lowland conditions, which grows and fattens rapidly on abundant and nutritious food, lacks the agility of the mountain breeds to find its food on a mountain pasture, and its requirements for minerals to make bone, and for protein to make flesh, are so high that it cannot collect the necessary supplies of these nutrients from the poor herbage and hence its growth is stunted. Again, when we speak of a highly productive dairy cow we really have in mind a type of animal that is capable of converting a large supply of nutrients into milk.