Вариант №11

Задание № 1. Прочтите текст и письменно переведите на русский язык:

THE GREATEST OF ALL TIME

1. The sixteenth-century Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci must be one of the greatest men who has ever lived. He is best remembered as a painter and a sculptor, but the extent of his abilities in other areas of knowledge is still a source of astonishment to scholars today. A recently published book describes him as the world’s first real scientist and shows just how great his achievements really were.

2. Leonardo’s imagination was so vivid, his thirst for knowledge so powerful, that he dreamt up inventions that, at the time, seemed quite impossible. He produced drawings, plans and diagrams of pieces of equipment which have come into being only in the last hundred years or so. For example, he worked out the principles for a parachute, a diving suit, contact lenses and the camera, long before the world was ready for them.

3. What drove Leonardo was his desire for information. Rather than accept what people at the time could understand and explain, he looked for a new understanding of how nature worked, gained through observation and experiments. Leonardo’s ideas remained largely unpublished and unknown for years after his death, however. Meanwhile, other people, ignorant of his findings, struggled to make the discoveries described in his notebooks all over again. If his ideas had been common knowledge, western science might have progressed much faster. For example, he had sketched designs for a telescope one hundred years before Galileo came up with the same idea.

4. Although Leonardo was a very good painter, and was in great demand, he was more interested in his experiments. He wrote details of these in his notebook. By nature, Leonardo was a secretive man and always suspicious that others might steal his ideas. So from the beginning, his notebooks were written in various codes, including one known as mirror writing, where the words are written in such a way that they can only be read in a mirror. Although Leonardo’s discoveries destroyed many theories which existed at the time, unfortunately, few of them came to light during his lifetime.

5. And, what’s more, all was nearly lost when he died in 1519. He entrusted the job of sorting out his notes to a young man called Francesco Melzi. But the task was beyond his capabilities. Melzi’s son, who inherited them, was equally unable to cope and abandoned them in an attic cupboard. When the notebooks were eventually rediscovered, there were 13,000 pages remaining, containing 1,500 diagrams and anatomical drawings. Some had, however, already been lost to treasure hunters. The pages are now divided between museums and libraries all over Europe.

6. One of the great mysteries of Leonardo’s character is that he started so much and finished so little. Only a handful of his paintings were completed, few of his inventions were ever made and the books he aimed to write remained unpublished. It’s almost as if he was involved in so many investigations, which led him on to even more unanswered questions, that he was never able to call a halt. Towards the end of his life, he must have realized that the world of nature was too large and complicated for even a brain like his to fully understand.

Задание № 2. Ответьте письменно на вопросы:

1. Why were Leonardo’s inventions so remarkable?

2. How many people knew about Leonardo’s findings?

3. Why did he write his notes in such a way that others could not understand them?

4. What did Leonardo care about most?

5. Were Leonardo’s ideas published?

Задание № 3. Прочтите и переведите текст на русский язык, раскройте скобки, употребив выделенные глаголы в нужной видовременной форме:

THE HOME OF THE FUTURE

Before the 1800s, few homes (have) any luxuries. Devices like vacuum cleaners and dishwashers only (appear) in the 1900s. Until then, all housework (have) to be done by hand and this took a very long time. The home of the future (will be design) to offer its inhabitants a secure, comfortable and adaptable environment. Architects and engineers will take advantage of advances in electronics. They will create living spaces that can easily be altered by the occupants. Intelligent devices will play an important role in many houses. Robot cleaners and ‘smart’ exercise machines that can monitor health will be as common as today’s microwave ovens and washing machines. Experts (predict) that by 2025, the average home will have as much computing power as a nuclear power station in the 1990s. Computers will be small and cheap and we will be (can) to have them everywhere. They will be able to sense our presence and adjust the light and temperature automatically, according to our needs. By 2015, designers (will have create) furniture that can change shape and colour. They may (have design) a robot vacuum cleaners which detects dirt and it cleans it up automatically.

Задание № 4. Заполните пропуски в предложениях предлогами места, времени и движения:

1. I don’t go … work … Sundays.

2. My son was born … Christmas Day … 10:30 pm … 1998.

3. Have you ever been ……. Chine?

4. I’m tired. As soon as I get ….. home, I’m going ….. bed.

5. What time does this train arrive …. London.

6. He’ll be back …. a week.

7. I’ll meet you …. the entrance …. the hotel.

8. Have you seen this picture …. today’s paper?

9. I last saw her ….. David’s wedding.

10. What are you doing …. home? I expected you to be … work.

Задание № 5. В предложениях вставьте правильные предлоги после глаголов и прилагательных. В некоторых случаях предлог не требуется:

1. She smiled … me as she passed me by … the street.

2. What happened … the picture that used to be … that wall?

3. The police is responsible … maintaining law and order.

4. I’m sorry … being late.

5. The economy of Russia mostly depends … oil and gas.

6. I want to listen … the radio. Can you turn it … ?

7. A stranger approached … me … the street and asked me … money.

8. I’m interested … football, but I’m not very good … basketball.

9. He insisted … visiting Peter.

10. He got angry and shouted … me.

Задание № 6. Напишите нижеприведенные предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной форме:

1. By that time we had already changed our plans.

2. The new engine is being tested in the laboratory.

3. We had to find a safe place for the pictures.

4. He was allowed to use the mobile equipment.

5. The book is as interesting as you think.

6. The child wanted to be taken seriously.

7. They insisted on the question being reconsidered.

8. There are always some problems to be solved.

9. I shall have to take a local train.

10. Before the experiment the substances are mixed in a large cup.

Задание № 7. Раскройте скобки, переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на условные придаточные предложения:

1. If I (not have) a car, I won’t spend so much money on petrol.

2. She’ll phone her mother when she … (get) to London.

3. I’ll cook dinner when I … (get) back home.

4. We’ll leave as soon as the baby-sitter … (arrive).

5. We’ll do our Christmas shopping as soon as we … (be paid).

6. He’ll be a lawyer when he … (grow) up.

7. I … (help) you if I have time.

8. You can wait here until she (come).

9. He’ll go out after he … (finish) his job.

10. He … (leave) as soon as he received the telegram.

Задание № 8. Выберите из данных глаголов (а-d) тот, который больше всего подходит к данному предложению:

1. What …. you do if you won lots of money?

1. will ………. b) won’t ………. c) would ………. d) wouldn’t

2. If you make so much noise, I ……. be able to sleep.

1. will ………. b) won’t ………. c) would ………. d) wouldn’

3. They …….. have to hurry or they …… miss the train.

1. will ………. b) won’t ………. c) would ………. d) wouldn’t

4. If she had locked all the doors, the burglars …. have got it.

1. will ………. b) won’t ………. c) would ………. d) wouldn’t

5. If my train is late, ….. I …. take a taxi.

a)will ………. b) won’t ………. c) would ………. d) wouldn’t

6. He must build a strong boat, otherwise he …. be able to sail round the world.

1. will ………. b) won’t ………. c) would ………. d) wouldn’t

7. You ….. understand unless you listen carefully.

1. will ………. b) won’t ………. c) would ………. d) wouldn’t

8. If he hadn’t cut his finger, it ……. not have hurt for weeks.

1. will ………. b) won’t ………. c) would ………. d) wouldn’t

9. I …. give you $ 5 if you do me a favour.

1. will ………. b) won’t ………. c) would ………. d) wouldn’t

10. They ….. have missed the last bus if they had hurried.

1. will ………. b) won’t ………. c) would ………. d) wouldn’t

Задание № 9. Переведите предложения на английский язык:

1. Мы знаем друг друга уже четыре года.

2. Он понял, что никогда ее не забудет.

3. Она сказала, что идет дождь и нам лучше остаться дома.

4. Сколько дней вы уже читаете эту книгу?

5. Он думал, что его друзья работают вместе.

6. Она жила в этом доме уже пять лет, когда приехал ее брат.

7. Только когда она была в поезде, она вспомнила, что оставила книгу дома.

8. Наступила зима, и теперь мы опять будем часто ходить на каток.

9. Было уже темно, когда мы подошли к дому; дул сильный ветер, и становилось всё холоднее и холоднее.

10. Когда Том вышел из дома, все ребята играли в футбол.

Задание № 10. Употребите слова в скобках в необходимой по контексту грамматической форме и заполните пропуски в предложениях полученными словами:

1. Advances in technology will make our lives easier and more … (INTEREST).

2. They walked … into the castle (SLOW).

3. Through the … they could see that it was a woman in a long dress (DARK).

4. She was crying … (QUIET).

5. Some types of oyster cannot be eaten, but they produce … pearls, instead (BEAUTY).

6. She was a … but she also loved to paint and draw things (TEACH).

7. I love my job even though it’s … (DANGER).

8. In the past, it was quiet … to see a woman firefighter (USUAL).

9. Emily has a very good …, so she’s good at writing stories (IMAGINE).

10. Many people look forward to their … after years of working hard (RETIRE).