Вариант №10

Задание № 1. Прочтите текст и письменно переведите на русский язык:

THE COILED SERPENT

1. Bad weather often disrupts our well-ordered plans, but occasionally it can become so extreme and violent that it threatens our homes, possessions and even our lives. That is why scientists are always studying threatening weather conditions in the hope of finding better ways to predict more accurately where and when they might occur, so that timely warnings can be given and appropriate action taken to avoid damage and loss of life.

2. One of the worst weather hazards faced by people in tropical areas is the storm known as a hurricane or cyclone. This is a rotating storm about 800 kilometers across. Around one hundred of these storms form across the world’s ocean each year, causing an enormous amount of damage when they hit land. They are so frequent in the Atlantic that each one is given the name of a person, starting with the letter A at the beginning of the year and then working through the alphabet.

3. The process by which an ordinary rainstorm changes into a hurricane involves so many unknown factors that meteorologists can only identify what they think happens. In the Atlantic, the starting point for many such storms is a calm area known as the Doldrums. The calm is, however, deceptive because from time to time the stillness of the Doldrums is broken by violent thunderstorms. most of these storms travel thousands of miles westwards and just die out, but occasionally, for reasons that are unclear, one will develop into an extremely dangerous cyclone.

4. The movement and characteristics of these tropical hurricanes are closely monitored by satellites and radar as well as by aircraft, whose pilots fly bravely into the turbulent clouds of the hurricane to record wind speeds and air pressure. However, even with such detailed information, predicting the course of a hurricane remains extremely difficult.

5. It is nonetheless for forecasts to be accurate, because the question of when and how to best prepare for a hurricane is a tricky one. If the alarm is raised, whole communities may be forces to abandon their homes. If there are too many false alarms, people may decide not to bother leaving next time, with disastrous consequences. Obviously a short-term warning of, say, twelve hours is more likely to be accurate, but the time needed for evacuation is often considerably longer than that.

6. The treat to island and coastal communities from tropical cyclones comes from a combination of enormous wind speed, high seas and heavy rainfall. A measure of the potential violence of a hurricane is the air pressure in the centre of the storm. The lower the pressure, the stronger the wind speeds, the higher the seas, and the heavier the rainfall. In affected areas, low-lying coastal communities with high population densities are always working to be prepared for the worst.

7. Once they reach land, hurricanes begin to die, cut off from their source of energy, but they can give rise to tornadoes. These are black, twisting clouds that suddenly appear from nowhere, travel at terrifying speed, move in unpredictable ways and cause catastrophic damage in seconds. Their small size and brief duration makes forecasting when and where they are likely to strike extremely difficult.

Задание № 2. Ответьте письменно на вопросы:

1. What kind of weather conditions are especially threatening?

2. How and why do they happen?

3. How do scientists predict these conditions?

4. Why is it difficult to make accurate predictions?

5. What should people do to prevent damage and loss of life?

Задание № 3. Прочтите и переведите текст на русский язык, раскройте скобки, употребив выделенные глаголы в нужной видовременной форме:

GLOBAL WARMING

The Earth’s climate (be) a very complicated system. What’s more, it is now widely recognized that human activity (be have) an effect on it. The pollution which results from the use of oil and coal in industry, as well as the increased use of private cars, (be cause) significant changes in temperature in many parts of the world. These changes often (have) a knock – on effect on other aspects of the climate, leading to things like extreme weather conditions and rising sea levels. Studying the changes which (be take) place and predicting those that are likely to happen in the future (be) now a major area of scientific research. The information which the scientists provide is very useful in helping governments to (predict) the effects of climate change and so be better prepared to cope with them.

A much more serious problem, however, is how to (prevent) the situation from (get) worse. This (depend) on how quickly, and to what extent, the amount of pollution in the atmosphere increases. Although many countries have now (agree) to try and limit the pollution they create, much more needs to be (do). If no further action (be take), then temperatures are set to rise by about 0.2% per decade during the 21^st century. Such a rate of warming is greater than anything that (have occur) over the last ten thousand years.

Задание № 4. Заполните пропуски в предложениях предлогами места, времени и движения:

1. It’ difficult to listen if everyone is speaking …. the same time.

2. I’m busy just now, but I’ll be with you … a moment.

3. Are you going away …. the beginning of August or … the end?

4. There was a long queue of people …. the bus stop.

5. Do you know that man standing …. the door?

6. Is your sister …. this photograph? I don’t recognize her.

7. We got stuck in a traffic jam on our way … the airport.

8. We had lunch …. the airport while we were waiting for our plane.

9. Julia’s grandmother died recently …. the age 79.

10. I’m tired. As soon as I get …. home, I’m going ….. bed.

Задание № 5. В предложениях вставьте правильные предлоги после глаголов и прилагательных. В некоторых случаях предлог не требуется:

1. We waited ages …….. a taxi. We gave ….. in the end and walked home.

2. The car broke …. and I had to phone for help.

3. A strange thing happened … me a few days ago.

4. I don’t believe …. working very hard. It’s not worth it.

5. My present job isn’t wonderful, but I prefer it …. What I did before.

6. Do you spend much money ….. clothes?

7. The country is divided …. six regions.

8. Some words are difficult to translate ….. one language …. another.

9. What happened …. the money I lent you? What did you spend it …. ?

10. I wanted to go out alone, but my friend insisted …. coming with me.

Задание № 6. Напишите нижеприведенные предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной форме:

1. They live on a busy main road.

2. There used to be a church here.

3. She had a great holiday.

4. We’ve got a problem.

5. I gave him a key to our house.

6. The police want to interview two men about the robbery last week.

7. Life has changed a lot in the last thirty years.

8. He never gets up before 9 o’clock.

9. My brother has always been very healthy.

10. We missed our train because we were waiting on wrong platform.

Задание № 7. Заполните пропуски в предложениях необходимыми местоимениями в скобках, и переведите предложения на русский язык: (no, nothing, anybody, anything, something, somebody, any, nobody, some, ours, nothing,)

1. I don’t remember …. about the accident.

2. I shouted for help, but …. came.

3. Last night we went out with some friends of …..

4. Can I have …. milk in my coffee, please?

5. There’s ….. on at the cinema that I want to see, so there’s no point in going.

6. There’s …. at the door.

7. I haven’t got …. money.

8. She didn’t tell …. about her plans.

9. We had to walk home because there were …. taxis.

10. I’m hungry. I want …. to eat.

Задание № 8. Выберите из данных глаголов (а-d) тот, который больше всего подходит к данному предложению:

1. If I won the lottery, I …. on an exotic holiday.

1. Will go b) would go c) went d) am

2. ….. we reached the station, the train had left.

1. By the time b) if c) whether d) as

3. We …. dinner when the phone rang.

1. Ate b) were eating c) has eaten d) was eaten

4. Jame’s car ….. last night.

1. Is stolen b) were stolen c) was stolen d) will be stolen

5. Colin …. his wallet stolen twice this year.

1. Will have had b) had had c) has had d) have had

6. John is very honest. He always …. the truth.

1. Told b) say c) tells d) speak

7. He said he …… her the following day.

1. Calls b) had called c) would call d) will call

8. The police ……….. investigating the crime.

1. Is b) will c) are d) was

9. Simon said that he ….. a great time at the party.

1. Had had b) has had c) is having d) has

10. If I had locked up my bike, it …… have been stolen.

1. Would b) wouldn’t c) didn’t d) could

Задание № 9. Переведите предложения на английский язык:

1. Они живут в Париже с 1970 года и считают, что это самый красивый город в Европе.

2. Я думаю, что она вернется к концу недели.

3. Мне бы хотелось поговорить с г. Смитом. Извините, он сейчас занят, его интервьюируют.

4. Сколько дней вы работаете над своим докладом?

5. Он сказал, что хочет поехать в Японию, так как никогда там не был.

6. Двадцать лет назад мало людей понимали, что компьютеры будут частью нашей жизни.

7. Ее советы всегда полезны. Они очень мне помогают.

8. Какая ужасная погода. Идет дождь и дует холодный ветер.

9. Нам сказали, что мы сегодня свободны.

10. Ты знаешь, когда была написана эта статья?

Задание № 10. Употребите слова в скобках в необходимой по контексту грамматической форме и заполните пропуски в предложениях полученными словами:

1. Scientists are preparing a report and will publish their (conclude) next month.

2. There are fewer (differ) than you may imagine between apes and humans.

3. The dictionary gives a complicated (define) of intelligence.

4. You can often predict the weather by observing the (behave) of animals.

5. Tornadoes can have (disaster) consequences.

6. Forecasters rarely predict the weather very (accurate).

7. The students listened to the counsellor in (silent).

8. When I was a child I wanted to be an (explore).

9. There is so much noise and (pollute) in towns and cities.

10. I found the lecture about the environment very (inform).