5. Мixed conditional

А что делать с условными предложениями как, к примеру, следующее:

Если бы я тогда выиграл в лотерею, то сейчас я был бы сказочно богат.

Первая часть предложения – само условие – относится к прошедшему времени, а потому требует использования Conditional III. Вторая же часть относится к настоящему и требует Conditional II. Как поступить в таких случаях? Какой тип условного предложения использовать? Ответ прост – mixed conditional или условное предложение смешанного типа.

Условные предложения смешанного типа могут строится по следующим паттернам:

Conditional III + Conditional II (При условии, что что-то произошло в прошлом, сейчас бы сложилась определенная ситуация)

If Мegan had taken French at school, she would have much more job opportunities now. – Если бы Меган изучала французский в школе, она бы имела гораздо больше возможностей для трудоустройства сейчас.

If Nikolai had been born in the US, he wouldn't need a visa to work there. –  Если бы Николай был рожден в США, ему не нужна была бы виза, чтобы работать там.

Conditional II + Conditional III (если бы не условие, верное в целом (в т.ч. на данный момент), то что-то произошло бы в прошлом).

If Nick were rich, he would have bought that Ferrari yesterday. – Если бы Ник был богат, он купил бы тот Феррари вчера.

If Sally spoke Russian, she would have translated that letter.  – Если бы Салли говорила по-русски, она бы перевела то письмо.

Таким образом, сделаем вывод:

Смешанный тип условных предложений (Mixed Conditional) – особый тип условных предложений, в которых условие может относится к настоящему или будущему времени, а следствие – к прошедшему, или наоборот, условие – к прошедшему, а следствие –  к настоящему или будущему.

Упражнения на Mixed Conditionals.

Упражнение 1. Вставьте нужное время.

1. If I __________ (not go) on my business trip next week, I ____________ (accept) that assignment at work yesterday.

2. If Sam ________ (take) an aspirin, she _________ (have) a headache now

3. If Kate ______ (have) enough money, she________ (can do) this trip to Hawaii last year.

4. If he _________ (take) the medication as prescribed, Anthony _________ (be lying) sick in bed.

5. If Molly __________ reasonable precautions, she __________ (be) pregnant now.

6. If old Sam __________ (not run) after the car thief and _________ (not suffer) a heart attack, he ___________ (be) alive today.

7. If he __________ (not be) such a poor dancer, Nickolas __________ (get) a job in that musical last week.

8. If Polly _________ (not be) so blind to Jack’s faults, she ___________ (realize) that Jack was out to swindle her.

Упражнение 2.

Разделите эти условные предложения смешанного типа на 2 группы:

1. IF + 2ND CONDITIONAL | 3RD CONDITIONAL

2. IF + 3RD CONDITIONAL | 2ND CONDITIONAL

1. If I were you, I would have bought that violet hat.

2. If Jillian had studied at school, she would have a diploma now.

3. If Nick had turned in his application, he would probably be working here now.

4. If our parents had recorded that show last night, the children could watch it now.

5. If Rosemary had not called Sally, they wouldn't be going to the party tomorrow.

6. If Nataly and Liz had finished the chores, they would be able to watch TV now.

7. If the TV set had not broken, the boys would watch the game this weekend.

8. If Jim spoke better French, he could have got that job.

9. If you were smarter, you wouldn't have borrowed money from Sam.

Упражнение 3. Подчеркните правильный вариант.

1. Melody wouldn’t have come/ wouldn’t come by bus if she could / can drive.

2. If I was / were him, I will not quit / wouldn't have quit my work until I'd found another one.

3. You were not / are not so tired if you went / 'd gone to bed earlier.

4. David went / would go to Kenya next month if he had got/ would have got the job yesterday.

5. If we won / had won lottery last night, we will / would be rich now.

Упражнения на условные предложения в английском. Conditionals exercises.

Упражнение 1. Подчеркните правильный вариант ответа. Underline the correct form to make conditional sentences.

1. If Rita opens /will open a boutique in the High Street, she’ll make lots of money.

2. If the economy doesn’t improve, lots of businesses will close / would close down.

3. This burglar alarm is so sensitive: it goes off if a mouse runs / will run across the floor.

4. George may go to prison unless he won’t pay / pays his taxes.

5. The company was / would be more successful if it spent more money on advertising.

6. If the employees of a company are/were happy, they work harder.

7. We might sell our business if it makes / would make another loss this year.

8. It looks like Molly’ll be okay, unless something new will happen / happens.

9. Unless Shelly had read him wrong, Jack would find /would have found her unorthodox approach irresistible.

10. Mat would not trust/ didn’t trust that unless he had to.  

Упражнение 2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме условного наклонения. Open the brackets to form conditionals. Mind mixed conditionals!

1. If Felix (to be) ___________ here I would have seen him.

2. Michael would not agree even if you (to ask) ____________ him.

3. If they (mention) __________ this yesterday, everything would have been done.

4. If I (to find) __________ that letter, I’ll show it to you.

5. If I meet him, I (to invite) __________ him.

6. Would they come if we (to invite) __________them?

7. The boss (be) __________ very disappointed if you aren’t at the meeting tomorrow.

8. The teacher said, “I’ll begin the lesson as soon as Jack _____________ (stop) talking.”

9. The old gentleman doesn’t go out in winter. He _____________ (go) out if the weather gets warmer.

10. She’s flying to Cairo tomorrow. She’ll send her family a telegram providing she _____________ (arrive) with a delay.

11. If the plane had left on time, they _____________ (be) in Minsk now.

12. If they hadn’t walked 40 km, they _____________ (not / be) exhausted now.

13. What would have become of us, if I _______ (come) to you then!'

14. He would have been scrupulous — if he (can) ________ !

15. What is the answer if you (add) _______ 17 to 75?

Упражнение 3. Образуйте условные предложения, употребив нужную форму глагола. Make conditional sentences.

1. Molly (be) _______ a splendid woman, if only she didn't talk so much!

2. The evening will be fine, if only we ________ (not have) a storm.

3. You might be of interest to me, if only I (have) _________time to waste on you.

4. If you (leave) __________ at two, you will be there before dark.

5. When he isdrowning, a man (clutch) ________ at any straw.

6. If only Greg (can) _______ get some favourable shock, that's what would do it!

7. You (can) _________ do it if you try

8. You (can) _________ do it if you tried.

9. You (can) _________ it if you had tried.

10. We (go) __________ if it does not rain.

11. Fred (come) _________ if he has time.

12. If you (take) _______ a taxi, you'll be in time.

13. If Mark (have) ________enough money, he will go to the university.

14. They won't unless you (ask) ______ them to come

15. What remains if you (subtract) ________ 5 from 10?

16. If you (buy) ________a packet of cigarettes costing 3$ and matches costing 2$, and gave the shopkeeper 10$ note, how much change ought you to receive?

Упражнение 4. Supply the correct verb forms in these conditional sentences. Decide, which type of conditionals are these sentences.

1. If Molly and Paul (be) ________ misinformed about the train times, they (not be) __________ late.

2. If Ioannis (stay) _______ longer at the party, he (have) ________ a good time

3. If the government (lose) __________ the next election, the Prime Minister (resign) ________ from politics.

4. If we (not go) ________ to your friend's party, I never (meet) _________ Alan.

5. If train fares (be) _________ cheaper, more people (use) _________ them.

6. If Molly (get) _______ that job she's applied for, she will be delighted.

7. It (be) ______ a disaster if it the explosion had happened in the middle of the day.

8. If the talks (be broken) __________ down again, there (be) ______ a war between the two countries

9. If Ali (know) _______ anything about mechanics at that time, I'm sure she (help) _____ us.

10. He (have) ________ a bad accident last Friday if he _____________ (not / drive) more carefully.

Упражнение 5. Переведите следующие условные предложения на английский.

1. Джаггер пригрозил уйти в отставку, если правительство потерпит поражение

2. Если бы в компании согласились, мы могли бы достичь быстрого прогресса.

3. Компания вернет деньги, если вы передумаете.

4. Выставка, возможно, закрылась бы, если бы они не нашли новых спонсоров.

5. Я бы отказался сотрудничать, если бы я был в вашем положении

6. Пожалуйста, сообщите врачу немедленно, если она покажет признаки улучшения.

7. Молли и Салли поняли бы свою ошибку, если бы только остались до конца.

8. Можете считать, что мы согласны, если не получите от нас новостей до воскресенья.

9. Если вы выпьете слишком много кофе, вы не сможете уснуть.

10. Если бы Джек привез карту, мы бы не заблудились.

11. Если бы Джон знал о встрече, то приехал бы

12. Если вы столкнетесь с Павлом, скажите ему, что я хочу его видеть.

Exercise 1. Complete the sentences. Here we have only real conditions.

1. If you want to be always healthy … .

2. You will have to consult the doctor if … .

3. If you have a running nose … .

4. You will escape the complications after a disease if … .

5. The doctor will surely write you a prescription if … .

6. The doctor will pull out your tooth if … .

7. Her headache won’t stop if … .

8. You will be coughing and sneezing constantly if … .

9. She won’t be able to continue her career if … .

10. If you don’t cure your throat …

11. If you don’t take any preventive measures … .  

Exercise 2. Open the brackets where necessary and complete the sentences.

1. If you (to take) the drops now you (feel) much better even tomorrow.

2. Your heart and lungs (to work) better if you (to live) a healthier life.

3. If you didn’t consult a doctor … .

4. You wouldn’t cough and sneeze now if … .

5. If she took the pills for her sore throat … .

6. You would be fit as a fiddle now if … .

7. If you consulted the ENT doctor regularly … .

8. You wouldn’t wear your glasses now if … .

9. “I don’t believe you. If everything you tell about your grandmother (to be) truth she (to consult) a neuropathologist!”

10. You would do morning exercises regularly if … .

11. If you really were quite well now … .

12. She wouldn’t suffer from a disease so badly now if … .

13. If you wanted to escape any side effects of the medicine … .

Exercise 3. Open the brackets where necessary and complete the sentences. Here we have unreal conditions and pretty much of Mixed Condidionals.

1. If you (put on) warmer clothes yesterday, you (to catch a cold) and (to have) a high temperature.

2. The dentist wouldn’t have pulled out your tooth if … .

3. If you (not/to be) so careless you (not /to fall ill) with flu.

4. You would have been cured already if … .

5. If you had followed all the doctor’s instructions from the very beginning … .

6. If he (to fulfil) all the prescriptions of his physician, he (not/to operate) by a surgeon two weeks ago.

7. If you had agreed to have your tooth filled … .

8. But for your headache/earache/backache we … .

9. If my pain in the knee hadn’t been so strong yesterday … .

10. You wouldn’t have stayed in bed for so long if … .

11. If you had consulted the oculist in your childhood … .

12. If she hadn’t been afraid the pediatrician in her childhood … .

13. If she had had measles, mumps and scarlet fever when being a child … .

Exercise 4. Translate into English

1. Новый помощник спрашивает старого аптекаря: «А что это за лекарство вы держите отдельно?» – «Я дам его, если не смогу разобрать, что написано в рецепте» 2 «Зачем вам снотворное, если вы проводите в баре весь вечер?» — «Если вы выпишите мне снотворное для моей жены, я смогу возвращаться домой еще позже!» 3. Врач – пожилому пациенту: «Увы, я не могу вас омолодить!» –«А мне это и не нужно; я просто хотел бы стареть помедленнее.» 4. «Вот ваши снотворные таблетки, этого вам хватит на шесть недель» – «Но, доктор, я не хотела бы спать так долго!» 5. Отец привел маленького сына к дантисту, чтобы вырвать расшатавшийся зуб. Окончив работу, врач потребовал 50 долларов. «Но вначале вы сказали мне, что это будет стоить десять долларов!» – «Так оно и было бы, если бы ваш сын не кричал так громко – он напугал четырех пациентов, и они ушли!» 6. «Послушайте, когда я покупал у вас машину, вы сказали, что если в течение года у меня что-нибудь испортится, вы обязательно все мне поменяете» — «Конечно!» – «Тогда дайте мне, пожалуйста, четыре нижних зуба, коленную чашечку и два ребра!» 7. Пациент, переживающий по поводу своего здоровья, спрашивает: «Доктор, а вы уверены, что я выздоровею? Я слышал, что иногда врачи ставят неправильный диагноз. Лечат, например, от гриппа пациентов, которые умирают потом от воспаления легких» – «Это случай не из моей практики: если я буду лечить от воспаления легких, то вы и умрете от воспаления легких, а не от кори или скарлатины». 8. К зубному врачу влез грабитель, и, не найдя ничего, потребовал денег. «Денег у меня, к сожалению, нет, но если вы не захотите уйти ни с чем, я запломбирую вам зуб» – предложил дантист. 9. Звонок врачу. «Доктор, если вы на днях случайно будете ехать мимо нашего дома, зайдите к нам, пожалуйста»- говорит мужчина. – «Но специально ехать не надо». «Хорошо», — говорит врач удивленно, — «А что у вас случилось?» «Моя жена повредила челюсть и не может разговаривать!» 10. Врач долго осматривает больного и в конце концов говорит: «Мне кажется, вы абсолютно здоровы – я ничего не могу найти у вас!» – «А если я помогу вам поставить диагноз, доктор, вы поделитесь со мной гонораром?»

Exercise 5. Invent a chain story according to the pattern:

“If I don’t put on warm clothes on a cold day I will catch a cold. If I catch a cold I won’t go to school. If I don’t go to school…”

3.Ответы ну упражнения на второй тип условных предложений:

Exercise 1.

1. would send / were not

2. wouldn’t / turned

3. looked / would she

4. was / wanted / would want / would get

5. would / had

6. could / increased

7. were / would

8. could / would be

9. would look / were

10. weren't / would be

Exercise 2.

1. Might/ were

2. Turned / would do

3. would love / could

4. would draw / had

5. employed /would certainly be

6. had not / would give

7. could / would be

8. were / would have

9. Couldn't/ thought

10. Could / liked

Exercise 3.

1. correct

2. Will ->would

3. would have been circulated -> would be circulated

4. remember -> remembered

5. correct

6. can be -> could be

7. could have -> could

8. correct

9. should have ship -> should ship

10. correct

Exercise 4.

1 – f, 2 – i, 3 – a, 4 – c, 5 – g, 6 – j, 7 – b, 8 – e, 9 – h, 10 – d.

Exercise 5.

1. If I were an actor, I'd hate it.

2. I should be very grateful, if you could give me a clean rag to bind my finger up.

3. That would annoy Billy even more if Molly didn't cry.

4. If I were in love with Greg, you would be the last person I’d ever tell.

5. We would even have more chances if we were on an island.

6. Anything might/could be sorted out if only people talked to one another.

7. The killer would be even surprised, if the police didn’t keep careful note of him.

8. Maybe Kate would be kinder to the man if she were his relative.

4.Third Conditional exercises. Answers

Exercise 1.

1 had given / wouldn’t have closed, 2 had built / wouldn’t have had, 3 had known / wouldn’t have drowned, 4 had listened / would have known 5 had told / would have been, 6 had prepared / would have passed, 7 had seen / wouldn’t have bought, 8 would roughly have expressed / had been,  9 would you have done / had seen, 10 would have been / had helped.

Exercise 2.

Hadn’t used / wouldn’t have had;

Hadn’t had to pay / wouldn’t have gone;

Hadn’t gone / wouldn’t have caught;

Hadn’t caught / wouldn’t have been carrying;

Hadn’t been carrying / wouldn’t have dropped;

Hadn’t dropped / wouldn’t have picked;

Hadn’t picked / would have never met.

Exercise 3.

1. correct;

2. would have had induced -> would have induced;

3. has escaped -> have escaped;

4. can -> could ;

5. correct;

6. wouldn’t have -> wouldn’t have had;

7. would laugh -> would have laughed;

8. get -> would have got / got;

9. correct;

10. would be -> would have been

Exercise 4.

1. Peter could never have got there if he hadn`t met the boys.

2. But if the ghost had been just an illusion, it should have faded away entirely, but it didn’t

3. The man would certainly have shot his wife if the police officer had not thrust aside his hand.

4. If Jack had been caught, they might have taken him prisoner.

5. The old man had become so irritable that if Kate had told him that she wasn't going to visit him, he would certainly have been offended.

6. If Porfiry had really had good cards, he would have shown them.

7. Molly would have never placed herself in that position if she hadn't completely trusted Sally.

5.Ответы mixed conditional .

Exercise 1.

1 Weren’t going / would have accepted, 2 had taken / wouldn't have, 3 had / could have done, 4 had taken / wouldn't still be lying, 5 had taken / wouldn’t be, 6 hadn't run / hadn’t suffered / would be 7 weren't / would have got 8 weren't /would have realized,

Exercise 2.

A -> 1, 8, 9

B -> 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Exercise 3.

1. wouldn’t have come / could

2. were / wouldn't have quit

3. were not / 'd gone

4. would go / had got

5. had won / would

Conditionals exercises. Английские условные упражнения: ответы.

Exercise 1.

1 opens, 2 will close, 3 runs, 4 pays, 5 would be, 6 are, 7 makes, 8 happens, 9 would find, 10 wouldn't trust

Exercise 2.

1 had been, 2 asked, 3 had mentioned, 4 find, 5 will invite, 6 invited, 7 will be, 8 stops, 9 will go, 10 arrives, 11 would be, 12 wouldn’t be, 13 hadn’t come, 14 could, 15 add

Exercise 3.

1 would be, 2 don’t have, 3 had, 4 leave, 5 will clutch или clutches, 6 could, 7 can, 8 could, 9 could have done, 10 will go, 11 will come, 12 take, 13 has, 14 ask, 15 substract, 16 bought

Exercise 4.

1 heat / will start или starts, 2 hadn't been / wouldn't have been, 3 had stayed / would have had, 4 loses / will resign, 5 hadn't gone / would have never met, 6 were / would use, 7 gets, 8 would have been, 9 are broken / will be, 10 had known / would have helped, 11 would have had /  hadn’t been driving

Exercise 5.

1. Jagger has threatened to resign if the government is defeated.

2. If the companies agreed, we could make rapid progress.

3. The company will refund the money if you change your mind

4. The exhibition might have closed if they hadn't found new sponsors.

5. I would refuse to co-operate if I were in your position

6. Please inform the doctor immediately if she shows signs of improvement.

7. Molly and sally would have realized their mistake if only they had stayed until the end.

8. You may assume we have agreed if you do not hear from us by Sunday

9. If you drink too much coffee, you won't be able to sleep.

10. If Jack’d brought map, we wouldn't have got lost.

11. If John had known about the meeting, he would have come

12. If you come across Paul, tell him I want to see him.