V. Translate into English.

1. Вы сделали свою работу тщательнее, чем он. 2. Я едва узнала его. 3. Стив Грэхем был несправедливо обвинен. 4. В последнее время мы встречаемся очень мало. 5. Ты можешь положиться на него. Он сделает эту работу так же быстро, как и я. 6. Я читаю больше всего летом. 7. Он посмотрел на меня холодно. 8. Они молча согласились. 9. С ней приятно поговорить. 10. Чем дольше я смотрю на эту картину, тем больше она мне нравится.

VI. Fill in the right preposition and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. Thanks _ his help we finished our work early. 2. The usual alternative _ the death penalty is long-term or life imprisonment. 3. Women are rarely sentenced _ death. 4. Nobody ever referred _ that incident again. 5. After the French Revolution, two separate police bodies were set _, one to handle ordinary duties and the other to deal _ political crimes. 6. A criminal case is brought by the state or by a city or county against a person accused _ having committed a crime. 7. Nowadays prisoners are kept in separate institutions according _ the severity of crime committed, as well as _ the age, sex and other conditions.

VII. Give Russian equivalents to the following

1. обвинять – обвиняемый – обвинение

2. изолировать – изоляция – изолированный

3. убивать – убийца – убитый

4. расследовать – следователь – расследуемый

5. преследовать в судебном порядке – прокурор – судебное преследование

6. оспаривать в суде – тяжба – судящая сторона

VIII. Complete the sentence with the appropriate derivative of the word given in brackets.

1. Сrime (detect) is not an easy task for a young investigator.

2. (rob) involves the application or the threat of force in order to commit the theft.

3. In the late Roman Empire the notaries were (response) for drafting wills, conveyances and contracts.

4. The person making a claim is now called a (claim), instead of the plaintiff, as he was known for hundreds of years.

5. Looking back over the years, we may see our legal history as a story of superstition and (ignore), (brutal) and (cruel).

6. During the medieval period of our history the law and religion were (close) related to one another.

IX. Read the text and translate it into Russian in written form.

Imprisonment

The idea of imprisonment as a form of punishment is relatively modern. Until the late 18th century, prisons were used primarily for the confinement of debtors who could not pay, of accused persons waiting for the trial, and of those convicted persons waiting for their sentences – death or transportation. Since the late 18th century, with the decline of capital punishment, the prison has been used also as a place of punishment. With the abolition of transportation, the prison has become the principle sanction for most serious crimes.

Concern over prison conditions has not diminished over the years. Problems of security and the protection of prisoners from violence on the part of other prisoners arise, as prison populations in most countries continue to grow and prisons become overcrowded. The people who make up the population of most prison systems have many characteristics in common. The population of most prison systems is predominantly male and relatively young. Most offenders in prison have a number of previous convictions. The most common offences for which prisoners are in custody are burglary, theft, violence, or robbery.

Prisons are classified administratively as local or central prisons. Local prisons serve a variety of purposes. They hold prisoners awaiting trial or sentencing and prisoners serving shorter sentences, up to about 18 months. These prisons are the most overcrowded ones. Prisoners serving longer sentences are detained in central prisons. Central prisons are large maximum- security prisons holding more than 1000 offenders in conditions of strict security. For security, prisoners are classified into four categories, from A (prisoners likely to attempt escape, and constituting, if successful, a significant danger to the public) to D (prisoners who can be trusted to work in conditions of minimal security). Prisoners who are not considered a danger to the community may be confined in low-security or open prisons. Women are normally held in separate institutions. Young people who have done something illegal are kept in detention centres because they are too young to go to prison. The purpose of these institutions is rather treatment or correction than punishment.

Prisons are institutions, in which every aspect of life is subject to control. This control is a means of maintaining security, controlling the introduction of weapons or contraband substances, and preventing escapes. Generally, prisons are governed by rules setting out a code of conduct and listing prohibited behaviour. The code must be given to the prisoner on his arrival in the prison.