БИП – ИНСТИТУТ ПРАВОВЕДЕНИЯ

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

для студентов 2 курса

заочной формы обучения

по специальности «Юридическая психология»

Минск

2006

БИП – ИНСТИТУТ ПРАВОВЕДЕНИЯ

Кафедра языковедческих дисциплин

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

УЧЕБНО-МЕТОДИЧЕСКОЕ ПОСОБИЕ

для студентов 2 курса

заочной формы обучения

по специальности «Юридическая психология»

Минск

«БИП-С Плюс»

2006

УДК 802(075.8)

ББК 81.2 Англ

А 64

Рекомендовано к печати

Научно-методическим советом БИП

Авторы-составители:

Смолякова Наталья Геннадьевна, старший преподаватель,

Лихачева Наталия Владимировна, старший преподаватель,

Насонова Татьяна Дмитриевна, доцент.

	Английский язык. Учеб.-метод. пособие для студентов 2 курса заочной формы обучения / Авт. – сост. Н.Г. Смолякова, Н.В. Лихачева, Т.Д. Насонова. – Минск: ООО «БИП – С Плюс», 2006. – 79 с.
А 64
	ISBN 978-985-6836-02-5.
	Учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для студентов второго курса заочной формы обучения по специальности «Юридическая психология». Структура пособия: лексические темы, контрольные работы, приложение.
УДК 802 (075.8) ББК 81.2 Англ
ISBN 978-985-6836-02-5		 Смолякова Н.Г., Лихачева Н.В., Насонова Т.Д., 2006  Оформление ООО «БИП-С Плюс», 2006

Предисловие

Данное учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для студентов 2 курса заочной формы обучения, специальность «Юридическая психология». Пособие может также использоваться для аудиторной работы со студентами дневной формы обучения, изучающих английский язык по специальности «Правоведение». Пособие имеет коммуникативно-функциональную направленность.

Цель настоящего пособия – научить студентов читать и понимать англоязычные тексты, которые организованы по тематическому принципу, привить им навыки устного общения на иностранном языке, помочь учащимся овладеть навыками перевода, письменной английской речи. Для достижения этой цели учащиеся должны приобрести определенный запас слов и изучить грамматический строй языка.

Ориентация на заочную форму обучения определила следующую структуру данного пособия:

Глава 1. Лексические темы

Глава 2. Контрольные работы

Приложение

Первая часть состоит из 6 разделов. Все разделы строятся по единой схеме. Каждый раздел включает тематический словарь, комплекс коммуникативных упражнений на активизацию языкового материала, базовый тематический текст, разнообразные лексические и грамматические упражнения. Упражнения расположены по принципу нарастания языковых трудностей, что обеспечивает закрепление и активизацию необходимых для усвоения слов и словосочетаний, а также развитие навыков монологической речи. Упражнения нацелены на достижение максимального количества повторных обращений к тексту, что способствует его усвоению. Учебный материал включает следующие темы: «История Права», «Криминология», «Причины преступления», «Наказание», «Смертная казнь», «Исправление преступников».

Вторая часть включает контрольные работы, которые студенту необходимо самостоятельно выполнить в письменной форме к началу сессии. Контрольная работа содержит комплекс грамматических упражнений по темам, предусмотренным учебной программой, текст и серию упражнений на понимание содержания прочитанного текста. Это помогает студентам развить навыки письменного перевода и обогащает их лексический запас. Тексты в контрольных работах являются адаптацией оригинальных источников и тесно связаны с тематикой лексических тем.

К пособию прилагаются: наиболее употребительные наречия, предлоги, список неправильных глаголов.

Материал подготовили:

Смолякова Н.Г., Лихачева Н.В. – лексические темы 3го семестра (From the History of Law, Criminology, The Causes of Crime), контрольные работы, приложение.

Насонова Т.Д. – лексические темы 4-го семестра (Punishment, Capital Punishment, Treatment of Offenders).

Глава 1 Лексические темы

2 Курс 3 семестр

1. From the History of Law

2. Criminology

3. The Causes of Crime Topic 1. From the History of Law (Early systems of Law)

Topical vocabulary

ancestor – прародитель, предок to attribute to – приписывать bodily injury – телесное повреждение to carve into – высекать на to enslave – порабощать, делать рабом harsh – суровый humane – гуманный, человечный inheritance – наследство invention – изобретение penalty – наказание pillar – столб

profound effect – сильное воздействие property – собственность to retain – сохранить revenge – месть, мщение runaway slave – беглый раб to set up – устанавливать settled – устойчивый, постоянный settlement of debt – уплата долга temple – храм trial by jury – суд присяжных tribe – племя witchcraft – колдовство

The first rules and laws appeared when our ancestors began to live in large and settled groups. But we don’t know much about the laws which were in effect before the invention of writing in 3500 B.C.. Ur-Nammu, a king of the Mesopotamian city of Ur, wrote the first known legal text in about 2100 B.C. It dealt with compensation for bodily injuries, and with the penalties for witchcraft and runaway slaves.

Hammurabi, a king of Babylonia, wrote one of the most detailed ancient legal codes. The code consisted of 282 articles. It was carved into a great stone pillar, which was set up in a temple to the Babylonian god Marduk. So every citizen could read it.

Hammurabi’s laws covered crime, divorce and marriage, the rights of slave owners and slaves, the settlement of debts, inheritance and property contracts; there were also regulations about taxes and the prices of goods.

Punishments under the code were harsh. The cruel principle of revenge was observed: an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.

The ancient Greeks developed a concept of law that separated law from religious beliefs. Before the Greeks most civilizations attributed their laws to their gods. But the Greeks believed that laws were made by the people for the people.

In the 17^th century B.C., Draco wrote the first written code of laws in Greece. Most offences were punished by death. Thus, the term draconian means very harsh measures, “written not in ink but in blood”.

Later Solon devised a new more humane code of laws. Solon was a poet, military hero and lawgiver of Athens. He retained the tradition of trial by jury, prohibited enslaving of debtors. Citizens of Athens had a right to serve in the assembly. Solon established courts where citizens could appeal government decisions.

The Greek concept of law and the development of the first true legal system had a profound effect on the modern world.

Task 1. Read the words. Mind the pronunciation.

Mesopotamia, Babylon, Ur-Nammu, Hammurabi, Marduk, Draco, Solon, Athens, the Greeks.

Task 2. Find in the text the derivatives of the following words:

to invent city to compensate

to marry to write to settle

debt to inherit slave

Task3. Choose the word that doesn’t suit the others.

1. harsh, severe, humane, cruel	5. reward, punishment, penalty, fine
2. law, anarchy, code, regulation	6. citizen, inhabitant, resident, tourist
3. thief, policeman, murderer, offender	7. cathedral, temple, church, circus
4. early, ancient, contemporary, old	8. evil spirit, black magic, invention, witchcraft

Task 4. Find in each column the word with more general meaning.

offender death penalty Mesopotamia

murderer punishment Babylon

thief imprisonment country

false accuser fine Greece

Task 5. Find the opposites to the following words in the text:

To die, small, after, descendant, ignorance, late, humane, modern.

Task 6. Find in the text the synonyms to the underlined words.

1. The pillar was lost for centuries after the decline of Babylon in the 16^th century B.C. 2. Hammurabi made one of the most full ancient legal codes. 3. Hammurabi’s code contained 282 paragraphs. 4. The code embraced all the spheres of human life. 5. Punishments under the code were often cruel. 6. Offenders received punishments equal to the damages and injuries they had imposed on their victims. 7. The code forbade the tradition by which a man could kidnap and keep the female he wanted for his bride. 8. Murderers, thieves and false accusers faced the capital punishment.

Task 7. Choose the right meaning of the underlined words.

1. Hammurabi’s code is one of the most detailed legal documents in the world. (код Хаммурапи, кодекс Хаммурапи)

2. Hammurabi’s code was set up in a temple. (иерусалимский храм, общество адвокатов)

3. Laws laid down by Hammurabi were carved into a great stone pillar. (составлять, накрывать)

4. The laws covered settlement of debts. (поселение, уплата)

5. A lower-ranking citizen who lost a civil case would be fined less than an aristocrat in the same position. (проиграть, потерять)

6. A child who hit his father could expect to lose the hand that struck the blow. (цветение, удар)

7. The pillar, lost after the fall of Babylon in the 16^th century B.C., was rediscovered by a French archaeologist in 1901. (осень, падение)

Task 8. Match the words with their definitions.

1. code	a) a building for the worship of a god or gods
2. trial	b) all the rules of behaviour in a society, stated by authority
3. society	c) the practice of evil magic powers
4. law	d) an act of breaking the law
5. slave	e) punishment given to someone in return for harm done to oneself
6. revenge	f) a person who is legally owned by another and forced to obey them
7. offence	g) to form letters on paper with a pen or pencil
8. witchcraft	h) a particular broad group of people who share laws, organizations, customs
9. temple	i) a collection of laws and rules
10. writing	j) an act of hearing and judging a person, case, or point of law in a court

Task 9. Find in the text the English equivalents to the following words and word-combinations:

• оседлая группа

• телесные повреждения

• изобретение письменности

• наказание за занятие колдовством

• древнейший свод законов

• права рабов

• суровое наказание

• был высечен на большом каменном столбе

• приписывали законы богам

• гуманный свод законов

• сохранил суд присяжных

• запретил порабощение должников

• отделили закон от религиозных верований

• был установлен в храме

Task 10. Mix and Match.

1. Ur-Nammu was	a) the Babylonian god of spring sun.
2. Hammurabi was	b) among the first to develop a new concept of law.
3. Marduk was	c) a king of the Mesopotamian city of Ur, who lived in about 2100 B.C.
4. The ancient Greeks were	d) a king of Babylonia, who lived in about 1758 B.C.
5. Draco was	e) one of the Seven Wise Men of Greece, poet, military hero, lawgiver.
6. Solon was	f) the Athenian legislator, famous for his harsh punishments.

Task 11. Complete the sentences.

1. The first rules and laws appeared when _. 2. The earliest known legal text dealt with _. 3. Hammurabi’s laws covered _. 3. The ancient Greeks developed _. 4. Before the Greeks most civilizations _. 5. In the seventh century B.C., Draco _. 6. The term draconian means _. 7. Solon retained _. 8. Solon prohibited _. 9. Solon established _. 10. Under Solon’s law citizens of Athens _.

Task 12. Complete the sentences with prepositions.

1. It is very difficult to speak of the laws which were _ effect before the invention _ writing in about 3500 B.C. 2. The earliest known legal text was written _ a king of the Mesopotamian city of Ur _ about 2100 B.C. 3. The ancient code dealt _ the penalties _ witchcraft and runaway slaves. 4. The code consisted _ 282 paragraphs and was carved _ a great stone pillar. 5. The pillar was set _ in a temple _ the Babylonian god Marduk. 6. The ancient Greeks believed that laws were made _ the people _ the people. 7. Before the Greeks most civilizations attributed their laws _ different gods. 8. Solon retained trial _ jury. 9. The Greek concept of law had a profound effect _ the modern world.

Task 13. Find information in the text that proves the following statements:

1. People don’t know a lot about the laws and rules that were in effect before 3500 B.C.

2. Hammurabi drew up the most detailed ancient legal code.

3. Every citizen could read Hammurabi’s code.

4. The laws laid down by Hammurabi covered all spheres of human life at that time.

5. Hammurabi was a cruel lawgiver.

6. The Greeks separated law from religion.

7. Solon changed a lot in his new code of laws.

Task 14. Complete the chart with the information from the text.

Historical prominent figures	Fundamental features
Ur-Nammu
Hammurabi
Draco
Solon

Task 15. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Самый древний свод законов был написан приблизительно в 2100 г. до нашей эры. 2. Закон предусматривал компенсацию физического вреда и наказания за занятие колдовством. 3. Кодекс Хаммурапи состоял из 282 статей. 4. Свод законов был высечен на столбе и выставлен в храме вавилонского бога Мардука. 5. Кодекс охватывал все сферы жизни. 6. Наказания за убийство и кражу были суровы. 7. Кодекс рассматривал вопросы имущества и наследства. 8. Древние Греки считали, что законы создаются людьми для людей. 9. Многие цивилизации приписывали свои законы богам. 10. Суровые законы Драконта предусматривали только одно наказание – смерть за многие правонарушения, совершаемые в Афинах. 11. Афинский политик Солон сохранил древнюю греческую традицию – суд присяжных и отменил закон порабощения должников. 12. Законы Древней Греции оказали сильное воздействие на развитие Права во всем мире.

Task 16. Answer the following questions.

1. When did the first rules and laws appear?

2. Why is it difficult to judge about the earliest laws?

3. When was writing invented?

4. When and where did the first written legal text appear?

5. What cases did it deal with?

6. Who drew up the most detailed ancient legal code in about 1758 B.C.?

7. How many paragraphs did the code consist of?

8. Why do you think Hammurabi decided to have his laws carved into a pillar?

9. Why was the pillar set up in a temple?

10. What spheres of human life were covered by this code?

11. What were the punishments under the code like?

12. How do you understand the principle “an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth”?

13. What did the ancient Greek concept of law comprise?

14. What is the origin and the meaning of the word “draconian”?

15. What was Solon’s contribution to ancient law?

* Task 17. Match the criminal with the description.

a. pickpocket	1. someone who kills somebody else on purpose
b. drug dealer	2. someone who steals things from shops
c. spy	3. someone who takes a person by force and demands ransom in order to set them free
d. murderer	4. someone who steals something from a bank, post office, shop, etc., often using threats or force
e. mugger	5. someone who uses force to take control of an airplane, train, etc.
f. smuggler	6. someone who takes things which do not belong to them
g. traitor	7. someone who damages other people’s property on purpose
h. shoplifter	8. someone who attacks people in the street in order to steal something
i. blackmailer	9. someone who sets fire to property on purpose
j. forger	10. someone who breaks into people’s houses to steal things
k. kidnapper	11. someone who makes false money or signatures
l. thief	12. someone who gets secret information from another country
m. robber	13. someone who brings goods into a country illegally without paying tax
n. arsonist	14. someone who threatens to tell other people your secrets if you don’t pay him money
o. vandal	15. someone who steals things from people’s pockets in crowded places
p. hijacker	16. betrays his or her country to another state
q. burglar	17. someone who buys and sells drugs illegally

* Task 18. Put the words in the correct order.

Kidnappers’ letter

1. son/ we’ve/your/got

2. is/safe/he

3. in/we/$500000/cash/want

4. be/the/must/$100 notes/money/in

5. 4 o’clock/the/the/the/to/money/car park/at/morning/bring/in

6. show/don’t/this/the police/to/or/you’ll/sorry/be

7. if/don’t/you/the money/bring/again/you’ll/your son/never/see