Тема 11. Ціни

План вивчення теми

1. Ціни.

2. Модальне дієслово would.

Навчальні цілі

Засвоїти лексичні одиниці та оволодіти комунікативними компетенціями, які забезпечують адекватну мовленнєву поведінку в ситуаціях, пов’язаних з розумінням і наданням інформації про ціни у бізнесі, сформувати поняття про модальні дієслова, навчитись вживати модальне дієслово would.

Завдання та методичні рекомендації до вивчення теми

1. Прочитайте текст 1 та текст 2, намагаючись зрозуміти їх якомога точніше та повніше.

TEXT 1

PRODUCTION

Very often newspapers, journals and other publications and speeches give information on production of goods.

Here is a report of a big English radio company executive at a conference:

Well, ladies and gentlemen, it has been a very difficult year for us. We have had difficulties in production and our production record this year is not good. These are the figures:

At the start of the year all our factories had been on strike for two months; the strike finished on January 29^th, so in January we produced only two hundred radios.

Production started slowly because of continued one-day strikes; in February we produced twenty eight thousand radios.

Then the production figures increased every of the three months. In May we reached target figure of one hundred and forty thousand radios and in June we managed to produce one hundred twenty eight thousands radios. This last figure is the best production figure we have ever reached.

Then we had the two-week factory holiday at the beginning of September, which accounts for the figure of eighty thousand radios for that month.

In October production rose to one hundred and twenty thousand and then, for reasons beyond our control, we had our second major strike of the year. Some workers continued working, and others, mainly the engineers and maintenance people, took turns in staying away.

In November we produced only one hundred thousand radios and in December ninety thousand. So our production figures for last year were, I am afraid, not very good.

TEXT 2

INFLATION AND PRICES

Here is a part of a television programme about inflation and prices in the UK:

(The prices are for a pound of food, not a kilo. A pound is about 450 grams.)

The reporter:

Inflation in Britain is running at about 15 per cent. These figures don’t seem to mean very much, but when you look at the price of food, you understand what inflation means to the ordinary person.

These are the prices you have to pay in the supermarket. Flour is 40 pence a pound and rice is 50. For a pound of sugar you’ll have to pay 15 pence. Compare that with the price of sugar four years ago and you can see a real price difference.

Tomatoes are 1 pound sterling that’s because it’s a little early for tomatoes at the moment. Potatoes are 30 pence a pound. Peas and beans are 60 and 90, apples are 75. Onions are 60 pence a pound, bananas are 50 and sausages, the children’s favourite, are 2 pounds sterling. Cheese has reached incredible 3 pounds sterling a pound, and if you follow me over here to the meat counter, you’ll see a lot more.

London has been truly called the most expensive city in the world, though, like all other cities, if you know your way around, you can always find lower prices than people normally pay.

Transport is expensive in London compared with other places. The fares on the underground and taxi fares are very high.

Some things are really expensive, accommodation for instance.

Telephone calls to another London number, to say nothing about long distance calls, are rather expensive.

And clothes? It’s difficult to find an average price for clothes, because there is a big difference in the price range, depending on the kind of shop you buy your clothes in and what quality you buy.

2. Для перевірки правильності розуміння прочитаних текстів виконайте наступні ситуаційні вправи:

Ситуація 1. Розгляньте наступні фрагменти. Спробуйте перефразувати їх як офіційні і лаконічні висловлювання стисліше:

accounted for, managing, executives, maintenance, to reach, strike, reason, target, report,

1. We have to write a short document that gives information about the conference.

2. A protest about pay and conditions of work by transport workers was launched on August 12^th.

3. We had a meeting with some of the company’s senior managers.

4. They are setting an aim of 2,000 new members.

5. He will be directing and controlling a staff of about 1,500.

6. Sales are expected to increase a particular level or amount.

7. In financial statements the bonds should be shown as debt.

8. Could you explain your intentions for choosing this particular course?

9. Technicians were doing daily routine repair work on the aircraft.

Ситуація 2. Деяким людям до вподоби точні формулювання, у такому разі вони наступні вислови замінять на інші:

метро, інфляція, супермаркет, особа, плата за проїзд, житло, ціна, транспорт

1. An economic process in which prices increase so that money becomes less valuable is known as …………………..

2. ………………. is the amount of money that you have to pay in order to buy something.

3. ………………… is an individual human, usually an adult.

4. A very large shop that sells food and other products for the home is called a …………………….. .

5. A plane, a ship, or vehicle used for moving people or equipment is called ………………. .

6. …………………. is the money you pay for the journey.

7. ……………….. is a system of public transport consisting of trains that travel in tunnels below a city.

8. A place for someone to stay, live, or work in is called ……………….. .

1. Для ознайомлення з поняттям про систему часів англійських дієслів вивчіть Unit 36 підручника R. Murphy “English Grammar in Use”