Natural Gas

Natural gas is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and nonhydrocarbons that exists as a gas at atmospheric conditions. It is inflammable and occurs in the earth's crust with or near accumulations of crude oil. Its principle component is methane. This is a compound which is often found in nature in marshy places, so it is sometimes called “marsh gas”. There are also smaller amounts of ethane, propane, butane in natural gas.

Any sample of natura1 gas is likely to contain one or more of the following components: water vapour, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hy­drogen sulphide, helium, carbon disulphide.

The volume occupied by a quantity of natural gas is inversely proportional to the absolute pressure exerted upon it, if temperature is held constant.

The volume is directly proportional to its absolute temperature if the pressure is held constant. Accurately to define a volume of gas it is necessary to define the conditions of pressure and tempera­ture at which it is measured.

Natural gas is a valuable raw material. It is also widely used as fuel for domestic and industrial needs.

VI. Answer the questions to the text:

1 .What is natural gas?

2. Where does it occur?

3. What components does it contain?

4. What does the accurate definition of the gas volume depend on?

5. What is the main use of natural gas?

VII. Translate into English:

сложная смесь, существовать, находиться, горючий, условие, содержать, объем, занимать, оказывать давление, необходимый, постоянный, измерять, ценный.

VIII. Use the proper words and word combinations:

1. Natural gas exists as gas at ... (atmospheric pressure, high temperature, atmospheric conditions).

2. It occurs in the … (earth's crust, atmosphere, cosmic space).

3. Natural gas contains the following components: water vapour, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, … (iron, copper, helium), etc.

4. It's main use is for… (lighting, heating, cooling).

IX. Translate into English:

1. Природный газ - ценное углеводородное сырье.

2. Его используют не только как топливо, но и как сырье для нефтеперерабатывающей промышленности.

3. Основные компоненты природного газа: метан, пропан, бутан, этан.

4. В его состав также входят водяной пар, азот, двуокись углеводорода, гелий и т.д.

5. Чтобы определить объем газа, необходимо знать давление и температуру.

X. Speak on:

1. Natural gas composition.

2. The proper definition of its volume.

3. Application of natural gas.

Lesson Five solid gas

I. Words and expressions to be remembered:

1. source - источник

2. deposit - залежь

3. state - состояние

4. to exceed - превышать

5. regular natural gas - обычный природный газ

6. to resemble – напоминать, быть похожим

7. non-transparent - непрозрачный

8. sedimentary – осадочный

9. mantle - мантия

10. sub-zero - ниже нуля

11. volume - объем

12. although - хотя

13. to dissolve - растворять

14. to infer - выводить, подразумевать

15. to estimate – исчислять, оценивать

16. agreement - соглашение

17. to convert - превращать

18. to achieve - достигать

19. spirit solution - спиртовой раствор

20. to supply - поставлять, снабжать

21. possible - возможный

22. reserve – запас, месторождение

23. visually - визуально

24. the Earth’s crust – земная кора

25. according to – в соответствии

26. salt solution – соляной раствор

27. site – место, площадь (зд. месторождения)

28. introduction – введение

29. to raise – повышать

30. antihydrate – антигидратный

31. to exist – существовать

32. scale - масштаб

II. Read аnd translаtе word combinations:

а 1аrgе deposit, a large source, free state, solid state, liquid state, sub-zero, over-zero, slightly over-zero, large volume, inferred deposits, according tо scientific calculations, practical realization, principle agreement, to convert into other states, large area, large scale, industrial scale.

3. Translate the words of the same root:

agree – agreement – agreeable - disagreeable; free - freely - freedom; realize - realization, exploit - exploitation - exploiting; use - usage; science - scientist - scientific; exist - existence; main - mainly; achieve - achievement; important - importance; calculate - calculation - calculated.

3. Find the synonyms:

deposit, slightly, utilization, to resemble, to calculate, reserve, usage, a little, large, huge, to look like, estimate.

5. Translate into Russian paying attention to the underlined predicates:

1. Natural gas exists not only in a gaseous but in a solid state as well.

2. One volume of hydrate may contain up to 200 volumes of gas.

3. The scientists have come to the conclusion.

4. Soviet geologists have established huge deposits of natural gas.

5. Solid gas should be converted into free state.

6. They form in the Earth’s crust.

7. Only one deposit is being exploited.

8. It has been supplying gas to Norilsk.