Lesson Ten Drilling fluids

I. Words and expressions to be remembered:

1. mud - промывочная жидкость

2. fluid - буровой раствор

3. via - через

4. annular space - затрубное пространство

5. clay - глина

6. to cool - охлаждать

7. to lubricate - смазывать

8. to consolidate - укреплять

9. formation damage - разрушение пласта

10. advantage – преимущество

11. environment - окружающая среда

12. to require - требовать

13. contamination resistance - устойчивость загрязнению

14. tubular goods - материалы, из которых изготовлены трубы

15. cost - стоить, цена

16. to influence - влиять

17. evaluation - оценка

18. initial cost - капитальные затраты, первоначальная стоимость

19. general - обычный

20. coring - отбор керна

21. penetration rate - скорость проходки

22. to evaluate – оценивать

23. to pump – закачивать, качать (насосом)

24. to discharge – выходить (зд.)

25. sides – сторона, (зд. стенки)

26. major – главный

27. formation - пласт

II. Read and translate the words:

fluid, pump, surface, annular, requirements, mixture, advantage, disadvantage, damage, initial, primarily, environment, lubricate

III. Translate into English:

роторная система, поверхность, труба., колонна, сторона, тип, вода, нефть, шлам, пласт, вращать

IV. Translate the words of the same root:

low - lower, day – daily, extreme – extremely, few- fewer, general – generally, prime – primarily, resist - resistant – resistance, rotate – rotation, require – requirement, mix – mixture, advantage – disadvantage, penetrate - penetration.

V. Read and translate the text:

Drilling fluids

A mud fluid is used with the rotary system of drilling. The drilling fluid is pumped from the surface down the inside of the rotary drill string discharged through the bit and returned to surface via the annular space between drill pipe and hole.

According to drilling requirements, drilling fluids can vary from simple mixtures of clay and water to the more complex systems.

The drilling fluids serve to cool and lubricate the bit, bring drill cuttings to the surface, consolidate the sides of the drilled hole, prevent formation damage, control surface pressures.

There are two basic types of mud systems: oil-base and water-base systems. Each system has advantages and disadvantages. Major advanta­ges of a water-base mud are: 1. environmentally cleaner than oil muds; 2. generally obtain better penetration rates and 3. usually requires less pressure to circulate.

The major advantages of oil-base systems are: 1. temperature stability; 2. contamination resistance; 3. protection of tubular goods; 4. formation stability.

A water-base system is generally the first choice primarily be­cause of lower initial costs and fewer environmental problems.

Oil muds may cost more initially but usually have a lower daily cost.

The drilling fluid can be extremely important when coring and maу strongly influence the formation evaluation programme.

VI. Answer the following questions:

1. Where is a mud fluid used for?

2. What are drilling fluids?

3. For what purpose are they used?

4. What are the two basic types of drilling fluids?

5. What are the major advantages of water-base mud?

6. What are the major advantages of oil-base mud?

7. When are drilling fluids extremely important?

VII. Find English equivalents to the following Russian words and expressions:

буровой раствор, смазывать, охлаждать, суточная стоимость, предотвратить разрушение пласта, два основных типа буровых растворов, ocновные преимущества, основные недостатки, устойчивость к температуре и загрязнению, давление, контролировать давление, затрубное пространство, че­рез, отбор керна.