Lesson Seven Methods of Drilling

I. Words and expressions to be remembered:

1. to suggest - предлагать

2, peninsula - полуостров

3. approximately - приблизительно

4. percussion drilling - ударное бурение

5. chisel-shaped bit - остроконечное долото

6. rоре – веревка, канат, трос

7. deep - глубокий

8. to replace – заменять

9. to pull out - поднимать (зд.), извлекать

10. hole - скважина

11. to rotate - вращать

12. pause - пауза

13. multi-stage turbine - многоступенчатая турбина

14. string – колонна труб (бурильных)

15. power – мощность, энергия

16. bottom of the string - конец колонны бурильных труб

17. to provide - обеспечивать

18. drilling fluid - буровой раствор

19. rock - горная порода

20. directional well - направленная скважина

21. to look for - искать

22. cuttings - шлам

23. drill pipe – бурильная труба

24. rotary table – роторный стол

25. circulation – циркуляция

26. off-shore drilling – шельфовое бурение

II. Read and translate the following words and word combinations:

apply, application, special application, drill, drilling, directio­nal drilling, rotary drilling, region, start, rotate, protect, re­place, system, surface, cause, length, deep (deeper, deepest), fast (faster).

III. Translate into English:

ученый, родиться, скважина, долото, труба, колонна, вращать, глу­бокий, быстро, поверхность, время, заменять.

IV. Translate into Russian paying attention to the Participle:

I. When reading a book he always made notes.

2. When speaking English he never makes mistakes.

3. When drilling a well the bit is making progress all the time.

4. Drilling fluid circulation provides the power required to rotate the turbine.

5. Rotary table is one of the main rotating elements of the drilling rig.

6. Air drilling is a method involving the use of compressed air in­stead of fluid.

V. Read and translate the text: Methods of Drilling

The idea of drilling wells was born in the middle of the last century. In Russia it was suggested by engineer F.A.Semenov, and it was he, who started drilling oil wells on the Apsheron peninsula.

In the USA the first wells for petroleum were drilled approximate­ly at the same time by E.Drake. The drilling of oil wells was also started at the same time in Canada, Germany, Romania and Italy.

In the early days of oil industry all wells were drilling by the, percussion system, in which chisel-shaped bit travelled up and down at the end of the rope and made the hole deeper.

At the beginning of the 20th century this method had been re­placed by rotary system, in which different sorts of a bit rotates at the end of a pipe crushing rock at the bottom of the hole while fluid brings the cuttings to the surface. When drilling by this method the bit is making progress all the time, except for a short pause to add another length of a drill pipe at the rotary table as the well gets deeper, or until the bit has to be pulled out and replaced.

Turbo-drill is applied in rotary drilling whereby the drilling bit is rotated by a multi-stage turbine positioned just above the bit at the bottom of the string. The power required to rotate the turbine is provided by the drilling fluid circulation.

Turbo-drill is applied for drilling harder rocks. The special application where turbo-drill is particularly valuable is for dril­ling directional wells and off shore drilling.

Now researchers are looking for ways to drill faster and deeper. Later our scientists have developed a multistage turbo-drill. The first turbo-drill was designed by M.A.Kapelyushnikov.