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4. Fill in the gaps:

  1. They find the most effective … to get messages across in print and electronic media.

  2. They also produce promotional …, packaging, and market- ing brochures for products and services.

  3. The need for … computer and communications … is an on- going consideration for graphic designers.

  4. Graphic designers also may assist the printers by selecting the type of paper and … for the publication.

  5. Designers gather relevant information by performing their own … .

  6. An increasing number of graphic designers develop material for Internet … .

5. Work in pairs and discuss the following topics:

  1. Various techniques used by graphic designers.

  2. Specialized computer software packages that help designers to develop their designs.

  3. The most effective ways to solve communications problems by graphic designers.

6. Write a letter to your friend about the problem discussed in the text.

Internet resources for independent work: http://www.allgraphicdesign.com/graphicsblog/category/graphi c-design-resources/ http://www.allgraphicdesign.com/graphicsblog/category/best- of-logo-design/ http://technorati.com/faves?sub=addfavbtn&add=http://www.al lgraphicdesign.com/graphicsblog http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical http://images.yandex.ru/yandsearch?text=graphic%20design&st ype=image

Lesson 3 Work environment and professional training

Working conditions and places of employment vary. Graphic designers employed by large advertising, publishing, or design firms generally work regular hours in well-lighted and comfortable settings. Designers in smaller design consult- ing firms and those who freelance generally work on a contract, or job, basis. They frequently adjust their workday to suit their clients' schedules and deadlines. Consultants and self-employed designers tend to work longer hours and in smaller, more con- gested, environments.

Designers may work in their own offices or studios or in clients' offices. Designers who are paid by the assignment are under pressure to please existing clients and to find new ones to maintain a steady income. All designers sometimes face frus- tration when their designs are rejected or when their work is not as creative as they wish. Graphic designers may work evenings or weekends to meet production schedules, especially in the printing and publishing industries where deadlines are shorter and more frequent.

Graphic designers must be familiar with computer graph- ics and design software. A bachelor's degree in graphic design is usually required. Creativity, communication, and problem- solving skills are important, as are a familiarity with computer graphics and design software.

Jobseekers are expected to face keen competition; indi- viduals with Web site design and animation experience will have the best opportunities.

Graphic designers must keep up with new and updated computer graphics and design software, either on their own or through formal software training programs.

Graphic designers must be creative and able to communi- cate their ideas visually, verbally, and in writing. They also must have an eye for details. Designers show employers these traits by putting together a portfolio - a collection of examples of a person's best work. A good portfolio often is the deciding factor in getting a job.

Because consumer tastes can change fairly quickly, de- signers also need to be well read, open to new ideas and influ- ences, and quick to react to changing trends. The abilities to work independently and under pressure are equally important traits. People in this field need self-discipline to start projects on their own, to budget their time, and to meet deadlines and production schedules.

Beginning graphic designers usually need 1 to 3 years of working experience before they can advance to higher posi- tions. Experienced graphic designers in large firms may ad- vance to chief designer, art or creative director, or other super- visory positions. Some experienced designers open their own firms or choose to specialize in one area of graphic design. Most graphic designers work in specialized design services; advertising and related services; printing and related support activities; or newspaper, periodical, book, and directory pub- lishers. A small number of designers produced computer graph- ics for computer systems design firms. Some designers do free- lance work - full time or part time - in addition to holding a salaried job in design or in another occupations. Graphic de- signers with Web site design and animation experience will es- pecially be needed as demand increases for design projects for interactive media - Web sites, mobile phones, and other tech- nology. Demand for graphic designers also will increase as ad- vertising firms create print and Web marketing and promotional materials for a growing number of products and services. Growth in Internet advertising, in particular, is expected to in- crease the number of designers. However, growth may be tem- pered by reduced demand in the print publishing, where many graphic designers are employed.

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